Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Biological Rythms > Flashcards

Biological Rythms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
0
Q

Infradian rhythms

A

Occur over a period greater than a day- e.g menstrual cycle

-yearly cycles classed as Infradian and also more specifically -‘circannual rhythms’ e.g- bird migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

Daily- 24 hour rhythms e.g. sleep-wake cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ultradian rhythms

A

Occur over a period of less than a day- e.g. Sleep cycles of deep sleep and light sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endogenous pacemaker

A

An internal clock- e.g. A biological clock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Exogenous zeitgebers

A

An external ‘time giver’ or cue to time- e.g.tv programme, temperature, radio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of the pineal gland?

A

Receptors respond to external light.
Manufactures and releases melatonin.
Acts on brainstem sleep mechanisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus? (SCN)

A

Neurons have an in-built circadian firing pattern.
Regulates the manufacturing of melatonin in the pineal gland
Pineal gland and SCN jointly act as PACEMAKERS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Jet lag

A

More severe travelling from west to east.

Melatonin used to help.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Shift work - 17% of working adults are shift workers

A

Backward movement has the same affect as travelling from west to east .
Increasing shift rotation to 21 days may give more time for adjustment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Example of a circadian rhythm

A

Sleep wake cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Example of an Infradian rhythm

A

Menstrual cycle- governed by hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does an electroencephalograph do?

A

It measures the different types of brain activity (EEG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two types of sleep?

A

Rem- Rapid Eye Movement

Non Rem
Stage 1-light sleep
Stage 2-light sleep
Stage 3-deep/ slow wave sleep
Stage 4-deep/ slow wave sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In what order do we pass through the stages of sleep?

A

1-2-3-4-3-2-REM =90 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens when the SCN is lesioned or destroyed in a squirrel monkey? (Similar sleep patterns to humans)

A

Sleep cycles were severely disrupted as well as their circadian rhythms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Advantages of a rapidly rotating shift systems….

A

Can usually get a 24 hour period without work when they shift to another shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a rapidly rotating shift pattern?

A

Two or three successive periods on one shift…. earlies 6am…lates 2pm ….nights 10pm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which direction is shift working easiest in?

A

Forward / clockwise direction
Earlies-lates
Day is extended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which direction is shift working hardest in?

A

Backward rotating system- shortens day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a circadian trough?

A

A period of time between 2am and 6am in which shift workers may feel very fatigued

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What negative effects may shift work have?

A

Poor quality sleep
Sleep deprivation
May struggle to sleep in the day so build up a ‘sleep debt’

21
Q

What illness has long term shift work been associated with?

A

Coronary heart disease and cancer

Longitudinal study of men- 15 years
Three fold incidence of CHD compared to the normal population
Cannot generalise results

Studies have not always been controlled

22
Q

How can the effects of shift work been lessened? (Horne 2006)

A

Increasing alertness- enabling them to work in bright light
Taking coffee- free coffee
Allowing short naps

23
Q

What is phase delay?

A

Individual goes to bed later and gets up later. Easier than going to bed earlier and getting up earlier (phase advance).

24
Q

What is phase advance?

A

Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier, harder than phase delay.

25
Q

People on rotating shift patterns dislike ……

A

Aspect of their work that disregards normal bodily rhythms and sleep-wake cycle.

26
Q

Work Schedules that take into account circadian principle are….

A

Better. They can do this by shifting shift patterns to a phase delay pattern.

27
Q

Managers of factories that use shift workers should consider….

A

Installing a free coffee machine
Implementing a clockwise rotating shift system
Providing a place for workers to rest
Providing an appropriate level of lighting
Providing a health service- ability to cope

28
Q

Jet lag and your internal biological clock…

A

When on a long haul flight your internal biological clock is different to the outside world, there is a dislocation of bodily rhythms

29
Q

What are the symptoms of jet lag?

A 
Daytime sleepiness
Fatigue
Impaired alertness
Trouble initiating and maintaining sleep
Different people react differently
30
Q

Jet lag and Horne (2006)
Larks-
Owls-

A

People who typically go to bed early and wake up early (Larks)- cope with jet lag worse than (Owls)- people who go to bed late and wake up later.

31
Q

How many hours does a person need to adjust to a new time zone?

A

One day for each hour of time zone crossed with westbound travel

A day and a half for each hour of time zone crossed in an eastbound direction.

32
Q

How can the effects of jet lag be lessened by taking a melatonin tablet?

A

Melatonin is naturally in the body and is released when it’s dark.
Taking a melatonin tablet can help make the person sleepy.
Although if it’s not dark, melatonin will not work as effectively with the biological clock.
Spitzer 1999- doesn’t always work- large scale study

33
Q

How can the effects of jet lag be lessened using a sleeping tablet?

A

Taking a sleeping pill when waking too early in the USA after a uk-USA flight.
Horne 2006-ineffective-worsen or cause grogginess.

34
Q

How can the effects of jet lag be lessened by drinking coffee?

A

Coffee/ caffeine can be used as a method for relieving tiredness in the short term. Horne-2006

Study measure effect after 7 hour eastbound flight, caffeine was particularly effective at reducing daytime sleepiness.

35
Q

How can the effects of jet lag be lessened by increasing light levels?

A

Bright light can help reset the human body clock, going out in bright light will help the body readjust- suppresses melatonin.

36
Q

Neurons in the pineal gland…..

A

Convert the neurotransmitter serotonin Into the hormone melatonin.

37
Q

Melatonin acts on the brainstorm sleep mechanisms to help….

A

Synchronise the phases of sleep and waking, injections of melatonin can induce sleep in sparrows (Abraham 2000)

38
Q

The manufacture and release of melatonin is regulated by the amount of….

A

Light falling on the pineal gland, decreasing as light increases.

39
Q

The main biological clock is the….

A

Is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which is found in the hypothalamus.

40
Q

Neurons in the SCN have….

A

an in built circadian firing pattern.

41
Q

The SCN regulates the manufacture and secretion of melatonin in the….

A

Pineal gland via an interconnecting pathway.

42
Q

A pathway from each eye connects the retina to the….

A

SCN, which indirectly influences the release of melatonin by the pineal gland.

43
Q

The pineal gland and the SCN both work together as….

A

Endogenous pacemakers.

44
Q

What is an example of an ultradian cycle?

A

The stages of sleep, light, deep and REM= 90 mins

45
Q

The main biological clock is the….

A

Is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which is found in the hypothalamus.

46
Q

Neurons in the SCN have….

A

an in built circadian firing pattern.

47
Q

The SCN regulates the manufacture and secretion of melatonin in the….

A

Pineal gland via an interconnecting pathway.

48
Q

A pathway from each eye connects the retina to the….

A

SCN, which indirectly influences the release of melatonin by the pineal gland.

49
Q

The pineal gland and the SCN both work together as….

A

Endogenous pacemakers.

Psychology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions