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biological psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

what does frontal lobe do

A

motor activity
speech
impulse control
planning

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2
Q

function of parietal lobe

A

integrates sensory information
spatial tasks

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3
Q

function of temporal lobe

A

memory
emotion

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4
Q

function of occipital lobe

A

visual perception

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5
Q

what does CAT scan use and is it invasive or not

A
  • x rays
    -checks tissue density
    -uses radiation
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6
Q

what does a MRI scan consist of

A

-radio waves
-generates images of brain tissue
-more accurate detail than CAT scan

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7
Q

what is an EEG scan

A

-patient wears cap
-cap has electrodes which record electrical currents in brain activity

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8
Q

what is a PET scan, 4 things

A

-use of injecting radioactive isotope tracer
-based that areas with high radio activity have the highest brain activity
-correlates w blood flow in brain
-invasive technique

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9
Q

whats an fMRI scan

A

-gives extreme high res.
-looks at structure and where activity takes place in brain
-detects between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
-non invasive

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10
Q

whats an MEG scan

A
  • accurate and high res
    -non invasive
    -measures small bursts of magnetic activity induced in coil bethed in lipid helium above subjects head
    -when brain engages in activity small magnetic field forms
  • is very sensitive and finds what parts of brain involved in brain activity
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11
Q

whats a TMS

A

-tempoarily turns off a part of patients brain

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12
Q

what are the 3 disorders of consciousness

A

-coma
-vegetative state
-locked in syndrome

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13
Q

what experiment was done with an fMRI scanner

A
  • 2 imagery tasks
    -motor imagery: told to imagine to swing an arm to a ball in a tennis court with an instructor
    -spatial imagery: to imagine walking from room to room in their own house
  • results showed brain activity in different places to responding questions
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14
Q

what does left hemisphere control

A

-language
-computation (storing and transferring data)
-logical reasoning

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15
Q

what does right hemisphere control

A

-spatial reasoning (understanding objects from different perspectives)
-face recogntion
-music

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16
Q

what connects two hemispheres together

A

the corpus callosum

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17
Q

what does contralateral organisation consist of

A
  • visual processing
    -reflects on retina and sends signal to opposite side of brain to process
    -muscle and limb control organised contralaterally
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18
Q

what does the somatic nervous system consist of and what are their functions

A

-efferent nerves, carrying signals from the CNS
-afferent nerves, carrying signal from the body to the CNS

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19
Q

what 3 parts of brain make up the basal ganglia

A

-caudate nucleus
-putamen
-globus pallidus

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20
Q

what part of brain is damaged in Parkinsons disease

A

basal ganglia

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21
Q

what part of brain is involved in the control of movement

A

the basal ganglia

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22
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system consist of

A

-efferent nerves (CNS to internal organs)
-regulates bodies internal enviornments
-e,g: dialtes pupils, relaxes bronchi

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23
Q

how does sympathetic system work

A
  • simultanously all at once (fight or flight)
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24
Q

how does the parasympathetic system work

A

-focuses on one organ at a time (rest and restore system) relaxes body

25
Q

what does a polygraph measure?

A
  • skin response (how much ur sweating)
    -heart rate
    -blood pressure
26
Q

what is a problem with the polygraph test

A

reliability ranges from 25 to 75 percent

27
Q

what side did iron rod go into Phineas gage’s face

A
  • left cheek through skull
28
Q

what happened to Phineas Gage?

A

-hit frontal cortex that caused his mentality to change

29
Q

what does cortex do?

A
  • inhibition of emotions directing emotions appropriately
30
Q

what do sub cortical structures produce

A

production of emotional responses collectively known as limbic system

31
Q

what can amygdala damage do: name 4 things

A
  • creates problems with recognition
    -problems with facial expressions of fear
  • block fear conditioning
  • creates lack of fear
32
Q

what may abnormalities in psychopaths be linked to?

A
  • linked to deficent or weakened input from limbic system
33
Q

whats the function of dendrites

A

receive information from other neuron’s to conduct signals into the body for further processing

34
Q

what is function of axon

A

-long fibre
-sends signals towards other neurons

35
Q

whats function of axon terminals

A
  • synaptic sites
    -end close to other neurones
36
Q

what is the process called for the electrical conduction from neurones to dendrites of another neuronal

A

electrochemical process

37
Q

name stages of electrical conduction

A
  • when neurone resting axon is NEGATIVELY charged compared to outside
    -action potential when stimulus applied, causes membrane permeality
    -depolarisation: positive sodium ions cause potential to decrease
  • repolarisation, when -40mv reached sodium channels close and potassium channels open, potassium goes out of cell and charge goes back to original.
38
Q

what is myelination

A

-speeds action potential
-allows nerve to travel faster
- speeds it up as nerve impulse as gap allows a.p to jump from one nose to another

39
Q

what does dopamine consist of?

A
  • in parkinsons disease
    -voluntary movement
    -pleasure
    -schizophrenia
40
Q

what does serotonin consist of

A

-mood,sleep, depression
- obsessive- compulsive disorder

41
Q

what is endorphin an example of?

A
  • a neuromodulator to pain
42
Q

what disease is acetylcholine in?

A
  • alzheimers disease
43
Q

what disease happens if theres too little dopamine?

A

parkinsons disease

44
Q

what are the two mechanisms of neurotransmitter deactivation in synapses

A
  • neurotransmitter reuptake
    -enzymatic degradation of neurotransmitter
45
Q

what happens when neurotransmitter reuptake occurs

A
  • neurotransmitter is absorbed into synaptic cleft and reused
46
Q

what happens when enzymatic degradation of neurotransmitter occurs

A
  • in synaptic cleft
    neurotransmitter broken down and dissipates
47
Q

what cell bodies of neurons for dopamine are in two midbrain nuclei, name the 2

A

-substania nigra
-ventral tegmental area

48
Q

what two pathways are involved in pleasure

A

-mesocortical pathway
-mesolimbic pathway

49
Q

what 2 ways can drugs affect synaptic transmission

A
  • agonist
    -antagonist
50
Q

whats an agonist

A

drug that facilitates action of a neurotransmitter

51
Q

whats an antagonist

A

drug that reduces action of a neurotransmitter

52
Q

what do depressents do with an example

A
  • suppress bodily processes
    -alcohol
53
Q

what do opiates do

A

-pain reliever
-morphine

54
Q

what do stimulants do with example

A

-increase alertness
-cocaine

55
Q

what do hallucinogens do with example

A

-produce sensory or perceptual distortions
-LSD OR CANNABIS

56
Q

why does repeated drug use cause tolerance

A
  • decreased responsiveness due to less receptors
    -decreased binding of receptors
    -receptors less responsive
57
Q

what 3 things can be done to improve brain function

A

-smart drugs
-brain training to improve function
-brain stimulation use of constant low currents

58
Q
A

psychology (7 decks)

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