Biological Molecules : Carbs + Lipids Flashcards
Carbohydrates : what are polymers ?
Large , complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers together
Carbohydrates : what are monomers ?
Small , basic molecular units from which form larger molecules
Carbohydrates : General terms
- monomers
- dimers
- polymers
Carbohydrates : Specific Terms
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
- polysaccharide
Carbohydrates : All carbohydrates contain …
Carbon ( C )
Hydrogen ( H )
Oxygen ( O )
Biological Molecules ( 5 )
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- water
- lipids
- nucleotides
Carbohydrates : Examples of Monomers
- monosaccharides
- amino acids
- nucleotides
Carbohydrates : Examples of Monosaccharides
- alpha glucose
- beta glucose
- galactose
- fructose
Carbohydrates : Examples of Disaccharides
- alpha glucose + alpha glucose = maltose ( reducing sugars )
- alpha glucose + galactose molecule = lactose ( reducing sugars )
- alpha glucose + fructose = sucrose ( non-reducing sugars )
Carbohydrates : Examples of Polysaccharides
- starch ( plants )
- cellulose ( plants )
- glycogen ( animals )
Carbohydrates : What do condensation reactions do ?
Join monosaccharides together
Carbohydrates : What is a condensation reaction ?
Two molecules join together with the formation of new chemical bonds and a water molecule is released when the bond is formed
Carbohydrates : What is the bond called when two monosaccharides join ?
Glycosidic bond
Carbohydrates : How is a disaccharide formed ?
Two monosaccharides join together
Carbohydrates : What breaks polymers down ?
Polymers are broken down with monomers by a hydrolysis reaction
Carbohydrates : What is a hydrolysis reaction ?
Hydrolysis reaction breaks the chemical bond between monomers using a water molecule
Carbohydrates : Bendedicts Test :reducing sugars
Reducing sugars include all monosaccharides and some disaccharides (maltose + lactose)
Carbohydrates : Bendedicts Test (Reducing Sugars)
- Add blue benedicts reagent
- Heat in a water bath
- If the test is positive a coloured precipitate will form
- Higher concentration of RS = further the colour change
Carbohydrates : Bendedicts Test : negative result
If results are negative there could be a non reducing sugar present
Carbohydrates : Bendedicts Test : test for non-reducing sugars
- Break sugars down into monosaccharides
- Add hydrochloric acid to hydrolyse
- Add sodium hydroxide to neutralise
- Carry out benedicts test for reducing sugars
- If test is positive it will form a coloured precipitate
- If its negative the solution will stay blue = no sugar
Carbohydrates : How is a polysaccharide formed ?
More than 2 monosaccharides are joined together by a condensation reaction
Carbohydrates : what is the main energy store in plants ?
Starch