biological molecules Flashcards
what elements do carbohydrates have?
carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
what is the name for a single sugar unit?
monosaccharide
what two examples of disaccharides?
lactose and sucrose
name for chain of monsacchrides?
polysacchride
why are glucose molecules are polar?
glucose molecules are polar and soluble due to the hydrogen bonds that form between the hydroxyl groups and the water molecules
why is it important for glucose to be soluble?
this solubility in water is important as it means glucose is dissolved in the cytosol of the cell
what is a condensation reaction?
a reaction between molecules resulting in the formations of a larger molecule
when two alpha glucose molecules to make maltose, what reaction occurs and what bond is made?
a condensation reactions and glycosidic bond
name the two types of lipids
triglycerides and phospholipids
what is a triglyceride made up of?
a combination of one glycerol molecule with three fatty acids (carboxylic acids)
what bond is formed after a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids bind by what condensation reaction?
forms an ester bond at the hydroxyl group and the reaction is called esterificaction
to break down a triglyceride what needs to be added?
water needs to be added, causing a hydrolysis reaction
what is the difference between a saturated, mono-saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
saturated - no double bonds between carbon atoms
unsatturated - have double bonds between carbon atoms
mono-saturated - only on double bond
what does the presence of the double bond do the fatty chain structure?
makes the moclue kink or bend
what is a phospholipid made up off?
a phosphate and two fatty acid chain
