Biological Molecules

Question 1

What is a glycosidic bond?

Answer 1

A bond in the form of a covalent connection that connects a carbohydrate molecule to another group.

Question 2

How do glycosidic bonds form?

Answer 2

Condensation

Question 3

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Answer 3

Hydroxyl group is below for Alpha and vice versa

Question 4

What are disacchrides made from?

Answer 4

Two monomers joined by a condensation reaction

Question 5

Where is a glycosidic bond formed between monosaccharides?

Answer 5

The OH + HO at the bottom middle

Question 6

Hydrolysis is what?

Answer 6

Water splitting

Question 7

What does insoluble mean?

Answer 7

Doesn’t effect water potential

Question 8

What does helical mean?

Answer 8

Compact, so it cannot fit in a small space

Question 9

What does a cell being “branched” mean?

Answer 9

Many ends for enzymes to attach and hydrolyse

Question 10

The celluose structure is the..

Answer 10

Polysaccharide of beta glucose, which ends up forming microfibils (which provides strength to a plant cell wall)

Question 11

What is the glucose formula?

Answer 11

C6 H12 O6

Question 12

One way starch molecules are adapted to their function

Answer 12

Water potential is not altered (if it was, it’d swell)

Question 13

Celluose molecules are adapted to their function because

Answer 13

They’re made to be strong as celluose chainsare tough

Question 14

What do lipids contain?

Answer 14

C, H, O

Question 15

How is an ester bond formed?

Answer 15

When molecules join together, condensation takes place which removes the water molecule.

Question 16

What does “-“ and “=” symbolise?

Answer 16

”-“ symbolises saturated, while “=” symbolises unsaturated

Question 17

What is the difference of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 17

Saturated is unhealthy, while unsaturated is liquid at room temp and healthy

Question 18

A triglyceride is formed from how many molecules?

Answer 18

Four

Question 19

What are the two properities of a phospholipid?

Answer 19

The two fatty acid chains repel water, and the phosphate group attracts water.

Question 20

What is a bilayer?

Answer 20

The lipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells.

Question 21

What are the similarities of triglycerides and phospholipids?

Answer 21

Both are lipids and have two fatty acid chains

Question 22

What are the differences of triglycerides and phospholipids?

Answer 22

Different chemical structures, phospholipids aren’t true fats

Question 23

How many natural amino acids are there?

Answer 23

Twenty

Question 24

Proteins can be what?

Answer 24

Globular (spherical + soluble) and Fibrous (long, thin + insoluble_

Question 25

Dipeptides are formed by what?

Answer 25

Condensation between amino acids

Question 26

When glycine links together it creates what?

Answer 26

A peptide bond

Question 27

Similarities of Fibrous and Globular proteins

Answer 27

Both made up of amino acids, have peptide bonds between the amino acids, contain polypeptide chains

Question 28

Differences of Fibrous and Globular proteins

Answer 28

Fibrous has a larger surface area, and has a quaternary structure. It also is insoluble and forms links unlike globular.

Question 29

How is collagen (structural protein) adapted well?

Answer 29

Cannot dissolve, and provides structural support