Biological Molecules Flashcards
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What is a glycosidic bond?
A bond in the form of a covalent connection that connects a carbohydrate molecule to another group.
How do glycosidic bonds form?
Condensation
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
Hydroxyl group is below for Alpha and vice versa
What are disacchrides made from?
Two monomers joined by a condensation reaction
Where is a glycosidic bond formed between monosaccharides?
The OH + HO at the bottom middle
Hydrolysis is what?
Water splitting
What does insoluble mean?
Doesn’t effect water potential
What does helical mean?
Compact, so it cannot fit in a small space
What does a cell being “branched” mean?
Many ends for enzymes to attach and hydrolyse
The celluose structure is the..
Polysaccharide of beta glucose, which ends up forming microfibils (which provides strength to a plant cell wall)
What is the glucose formula?
C6 H12 O6
One way starch molecules are adapted to their function
Water potential is not altered (if it was, it’d swell)
Celluose molecules are adapted to their function because
They’re made to be strong as celluose chainsare tough
What do lipids contain?
C, H, O
How is an ester bond formed?
When molecules join together, condensation takes place which removes the water molecule.
What does “-“ and “=” symbolise?
”-“ symbolises saturated, while “=” symbolises unsaturated
What is the difference of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated is unhealthy, while unsaturated is liquid at room temp and healthy
A triglyceride is formed from how many molecules?
Four
What are the two properities of a phospholipid?
The two fatty acid chains repel water, and the phosphate group attracts water.
What is a bilayer?
The lipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells.
What are the similarities of triglycerides and phospholipids?
Both are lipids and have two fatty acid chains
What are the differences of triglycerides and phospholipids?
Different chemical structures, phospholipids aren’t true fats
How many natural amino acids are there?
Twenty
Proteins can be what?
Globular (spherical + soluble) and Fibrous (long, thin + insoluble_
Dipeptides are formed by what?
Condensation between amino acids
When glycine links together it creates what?
A peptide bond
Similarities of Fibrous and Globular proteins
Both made up of amino acids, have peptide bonds between the amino acids, contain polypeptide chains
Differences of Fibrous and Globular proteins
Fibrous has a larger surface area, and has a quaternary structure. It also is insoluble and forms links unlike globular.
How is collagen (structural protein) adapted well?
Cannot dissolve, and provides structural support
