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MCAT Psychology > Biological basis For Behavior > Flashcards

Biological basis For Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Neuropsychology

A

is the study of the connection between the nervous system and behavior. It most often focuses on the functions of the various brain regions.

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2
Q

What are the Three Types of Neurons in the Nervous System

A

Interneurons, Motor Neurons (Efferent), Sensory Neurons (Afferent)

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3
Q

Functions of the Parasympathetic Nervous System

A
  1. Constricts Pupils
  2. Stimulates Flow of Saliva
  3. Constricts Bronchi
  4. Decreases HR
  5. Stimulates Peristalsis and Secretion,
  6. Stimulates Bile Release,
  7. Contracts Bladder
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4
Q

Functions of the Sympathetic Nervous System;

A
  1. Dilates Pupils
  2. Inhibits Salivation
  3. Dilates Bronchi
  4. Increases HR
  5. Inhibits Peristalsis and Secretion
  6. Stimulates Glucose Production and
  7. Release Secretion of Adrenaline and
  8. Noradrenaline Inhibits Bladder Contraction
  9. Stimulates Orgasm
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5
Q

Organization of the Brain

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

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6
Q

Structures of the Forebrain

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Basal Ganglia
  4. Limbic System
  5. Cerebral Cortex
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7
Q

Structures of the Midbrain

A

Inferior and Superior Colliculi

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8
Q

Structures of the Hindbrain

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Medulla Oblongata
  3. Reticular Formation
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9
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay Station for Sensory Information

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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Maintains homeostasis and integrates the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects it to the anterior pituitary system.

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11
Q

The Four F’s of the Hypothalamus

A
  1. Feeding - hunger and satiety
  2. Fleeing
  3. Flighting
  4. (Sexual) Functioning
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12
Q

Limbic System

A

Controls Emotion and Memory

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13
Q

What are the Parts of the Limbic System

A
  1. Septal Nuclei (pleasure seeking/pleasure center)
  2. Amygdala (fear and aggression)
  3. Hippocampus (memory)
  4. Fornix (communication between the hypothalamus and the liming system)
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14
Q

How is the Cerebral Cortex Divided

A

It is Four Lobes:

  • Occipital
  • Temporal
  • Parietal
  • Frontal
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15
Q

What is The Function of The Frontal Lobe

A
  1. Prefrontal Cortex: Executive function, impulse control, and long term planning
  2. Primary Motor Cortex: Motor Function
  3. Broca’s Area: Primary Speech Production
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16
Q

What is The Function of the Parietal Lobe

A
  1. Somatosensory Cortex: Sensation of touch, pressure, and pain
  2. Spatial Processing, orientation, and manipulation
17
Q

What is the Function of the Occipital Lobe

A

Visual Processing, contains the visual cortex

18
Q

What is the Function of the Temporal Lobe

A
  1. Auditory Cortex: Sound Processing
  2. Speech Perception: Wernicke’s area
  3. Limbic System: Memory and Emotion
19
Q

The Brain is Divided into Two

A

Cerebral Hemispheres, left and right. In most individuals, the left hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere for language.

20
Q

What is the Function of Acetylcholine

A
  1. Fight or Flight Responses
  2. Wakefulness and Alertness

Epinephrine tends to act as a hormone while NE acts as a NTS.

21
Q

What is the Function of Dopamine

A

For the stability of mood, sleep, eating and dreaming

22
Q

What is the Function of GABA and Glycine

A

Used for Brain Stabilization

23
Q

What is the Function of Glutamate

A

Used as Natural Painkillers

24
Q

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

A
  1. GABA
  2. Serotonin
  3. Glycine
25
Q

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

A

Glutamate

26
Q

The Nervous System Develops Through

A

Neurulation, in which the notochord stimulates overlying endoderm to fold over creating a neural tube topped with neural crest cells.

27
Q

The Neural Tube Cells Becomes the

A

CNS

28
Q

Gross and Fine Motor Abilities Progress

A

Head to Toe and Core to Periphery

29
Q

Social Skills Shift From

A

Parent Oriented to Self Oriented to Other Oriented

30
Q

What is the Function of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

A
  1. Fight or Flight Responses
  2. Wakefulness and Alertness

Epinephrine tends to act as a hormone while NE acts as a NTS.

31
Q

What is the Function of Serotonin

A

For the stability of mood, sleep, eating and dreaming

32
Q

What is the Function of Endorphins and Enkephalins

A

Used as Natural Painkillers

MCAT Psychology (6 decks)

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