Biological basis For Behavior Flashcards
Neuropsychology
is the study of the connection between the nervous system and behavior. It most often focuses on the functions of the various brain regions.
What are the Three Types of Neurons in the Nervous System
Interneurons, Motor Neurons (Efferent), Sensory Neurons (Afferent)
Functions of the Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Constricts Pupils
- Stimulates Flow of Saliva
- Constricts Bronchi
- Decreases HR
- Stimulates Peristalsis and Secretion,
- Stimulates Bile Release,
- Contracts Bladder
Functions of the Sympathetic Nervous System;
- Dilates Pupils
- Inhibits Salivation
- Dilates Bronchi
- Increases HR
- Inhibits Peristalsis and Secretion
- Stimulates Glucose Production and
- Release Secretion of Adrenaline and
- Noradrenaline Inhibits Bladder Contraction
- Stimulates Orgasm
Organization of the Brain
Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
Structures of the Forebrain
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Basal Ganglia
- Limbic System
- Cerebral Cortex
Structures of the Midbrain
Inferior and Superior Colliculi
Structures of the Hindbrain
- Cerebellum
- Medulla Oblongata
- Reticular Formation
Thalamus
Relay Station for Sensory Information
Hypothalamus
Maintains homeostasis and integrates the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects it to the anterior pituitary system.
The Four F’s of the Hypothalamus
- Feeding - hunger and satiety
- Fleeing
- Flighting
- (Sexual) Functioning
Limbic System
Controls Emotion and Memory
What are the Parts of the Limbic System
- Septal Nuclei (pleasure seeking/pleasure center)
- Amygdala (fear and aggression)
- Hippocampus (memory)
- Fornix (communication between the hypothalamus and the liming system)
How is the Cerebral Cortex Divided
It is Four Lobes:
- Occipital
- Temporal
- Parietal
- Frontal
What is The Function of The Frontal Lobe
- Prefrontal Cortex: Executive function, impulse control, and long term planning
- Primary Motor Cortex: Motor Function
- Broca’s Area: Primary Speech Production
What is The Function of the Parietal Lobe
- Somatosensory Cortex: Sensation of touch, pressure, and pain
- Spatial Processing, orientation, and manipulation
What is the Function of the Occipital Lobe
Visual Processing, contains the visual cortex
What is the Function of the Temporal Lobe
- Auditory Cortex: Sound Processing
- Speech Perception: Wernicke’s area
- Limbic System: Memory and Emotion
The Brain is Divided into Two
Cerebral Hemispheres, left and right. In most individuals, the left hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere for language.
What is the Function of Acetylcholine
- Fight or Flight Responses
- Wakefulness and Alertness
Epinephrine tends to act as a hormone while NE acts as a NTS.
What is the Function of Dopamine
For the stability of mood, sleep, eating and dreaming
What is the Function of GABA and Glycine
Used for Brain Stabilization
What is the Function of Glutamate
Used as Natural Painkillers
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
- GABA
- Serotonin
- Glycine
Excitatory Neurotransmitters
Glutamate
The Nervous System Develops Through
Neurulation, in which the notochord stimulates overlying endoderm to fold over creating a neural tube topped with neural crest cells.
The Neural Tube Cells Becomes the
CNS
Gross and Fine Motor Abilities Progress
Head to Toe and Core to Periphery
Social Skills Shift From
Parent Oriented to Self Oriented to Other Oriented
What is the Function of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
- Fight or Flight Responses
- Wakefulness and Alertness
Epinephrine tends to act as a hormone while NE acts as a NTS.
What is the Function of Serotonin
For the stability of mood, sleep, eating and dreaming
What is the Function of Endorphins and Enkephalins
Used as Natural Painkillers
