biodiversity Flashcards
define the 3 types of biodiversity
Habitat - range of habitats in which different species live
species -number of different species
genetic - variation belonging to individuals of the same species
Random sampling - what is it and evaluate
randomly selected - random number generator
no bias
not all areas are covered equally
Non random sampling : what are the types and evaluate
opportunistic - what’s available . quick . bias - over or under estimation
stratified - each groups in equal proportion - equal representation . over representation
systematic - fixed intervals - no bias to recording - miss out species , not fully represented
species evenness vs species richness
RICHNESS - number of different species found in a habitat
EVENESS - the number of induvials of each species
what’s polymorphic gene loci
a locus that has more than 2 alleles
What does a high Simpsons index mean
High biodiversity . stable environment . change wont affect the habitat and biodiversity as much
how to calculate the proportion of polymorphic gene loci
n.o polymorphic gene loci/total n.o loci
what affects biodiversity
human population : using more resources. pollution
agriculture : monoculture - planting just one species reducing species biodiversity
climate change : destroy habitats
why should we maintain biodiversity
ECOLOGICAL - protecting keystone species ( disproportionate affects on its environment) & maintaining genetic resources
ECONOMIC - monoculture causes soil depletion - cant grow as many crops
AESTHETIC- protecting landscapes for tourism and mental health
What type of conservation is wildlife reserves and marine conservations evaluate the use
IN SITU
scientific research , less disruptive to habitat
difficult to control all factors - climate change and poaching
how do seed banks work
seeds can be frozen and stored without losing fertility
good natural reserve store
Explain the use of botanic gardens
they’re environment controlled areas for research conservation and display.
breeding can occur - prevent species from going extinct
Evaluate the use of exsitu
hunting can be managed , reintroduce species - selective breading
expensive to maintain optimum environments, wont express natural behaviour
What is the purpose of the rio convention
to use animal and plant resources in a sustainable way
what is the purpose of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
regulate the international trade of species and prevent trade of endangered species
what’s the purpose of the countryside stewardship scheme
conserve wildlife and biodiversity - management techniques
reasons for endangerment
Uncontrolled hunting;
War / instability;
Disease;
Habitat destruction;
Illegal capture for pet trade
how does mark and recapture work
Traps used / animals captured;
Individuals are marked and released back into environment;
Sufficient time allowed to pass;
Researcher catches another sample / records which ones are marked
Outline the problems experienced by zoos and botanic gardens in managing such
projects and explain why it is important for such projects to be successful.
Management problems
1 capture of species/AW;
2 numbers of species caught ref to extinction;
3 ref to named example e.g. elephants;
4 maintenance of genetic variability/gene pool;
5 ref to funding;
6 ref to species ownership/AW;
7 problems of storage and maintenance;
8 ref to specific example of problem; e.g. inbreeding/altered breeding/seed
preparation;
9 AVP;
Need for success
10 stop extinction/maintain gene pool;
11 potential medical benefits;
12 agricultural benefits/artificial selection;
13 named example of crop improvement;
14 ethical/moral responsibility for future generations;
