biodiversity

Question 1

define the 3 types of biodiversity

Answer 1

Habitat - range of habitats in which different species live

species -number of different species

genetic - variation belonging to individuals of the same species

Question 2

Random sampling - what is it and evaluate

Answer 2

randomly selected - random number generator
no bias
not all areas are covered equally

Question 3

Non random sampling : what are the types and evaluate

Answer 3

opportunistic - what’s available . quick . bias - over or under estimation
stratified - each groups in equal proportion - equal representation . over representation
systematic - fixed intervals - no bias to recording - miss out species , not fully represented

Question 4

species evenness vs species richness

Answer 4

RICHNESS - number of different species found in a habitat
EVENESS - the number of induvials of each species

Question 5

what’s polymorphic gene loci

Answer 5

a locus that has more than 2 alleles

Question 6

What does a high Simpsons index mean

Answer 6

High biodiversity . stable environment . change wont affect the habitat and biodiversity as much

Question 7

how to calculate the proportion of polymorphic gene loci

Answer 7

n.o polymorphic gene loci/total n.o loci

Question 8

what affects biodiversity

Answer 8

human population : using more resources. pollution
agriculture : monoculture - planting just one species reducing species biodiversity
climate change : destroy habitats

Question 9

why should we maintain biodiversity

Answer 9

ECOLOGICAL - protecting keystone species ( disproportionate affects on its environment) & maintaining genetic resources
ECONOMIC - monoculture causes soil depletion - cant grow as many crops
AESTHETIC- protecting landscapes for tourism and mental health

Question 10

What type of conservation is wildlife reserves and marine conservations evaluate the use

Answer 10

IN SITU
scientific research , less disruptive to habitat
difficult to control all factors - climate change and poaching

Question 11

how do seed banks work

Answer 11

seeds can be frozen and stored without losing fertility
good natural reserve store

Question 12

Explain the use of botanic gardens

Answer 12

they’re environment controlled areas for research conservation and display.
breeding can occur - prevent species from going extinct

Question 13

Evaluate the use of exsitu

Answer 13

hunting can be managed , reintroduce species - selective breading
expensive to maintain optimum environments, wont express natural behaviour

Question 14

What is the purpose of the rio convention

Answer 14

to use animal and plant resources in a sustainable way

Question 15

what is the purpose of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

Answer 15

regulate the international trade of species and prevent trade of endangered species

Question 16

what’s the purpose of the countryside stewardship scheme

Answer 16

conserve wildlife and biodiversity - management techniques

Question 17

reasons for endangerment

Answer 17

Uncontrolled hunting;

War / instability;

Disease;

Habitat destruction;

Illegal capture for pet trade

Question 18

how does mark and recapture work

Answer 18

Traps used / animals captured;
Individuals are marked and released back into environment;
Sufficient time allowed to pass;
Researcher catches another sample / records which ones are marked

Question 19

Outline the problems experienced by zoos and botanic gardens in managing such
projects and explain why it is important for such projects to be successful.

Answer 19

Management problems
1 capture of species/AW;
2 numbers of species caught ref to extinction;
3 ref to named example e.g. elephants;
4 maintenance of genetic variability/gene pool;
5 ref to funding;
6 ref to species ownership/AW;
7 problems of storage and maintenance;
8 ref to specific example of problem; e.g. inbreeding/altered breeding/seed
preparation;
9 AVP;
Need for success
10 stop extinction/maintain gene pool;
11 potential medical benefits;
12 agricultural benefits/artificial selection;
13 named example of crop improvement;
14 ethical/moral responsibility for future generations;