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Step 1 Review > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for Glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase-1

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2
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for Gluconeogenesis?

A

Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase

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3
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for Glycogenesis?

A

Glycogen Synthase

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4
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for Glycogenolysis?

A

Glycogen Phosphorylase

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5
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for The TCA cycle?

A

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

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6
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for the Hexose Monophosphate Pathway?

A

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

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7
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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8
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for Beta-Oxidation?

A

Carnitine acyltransferase I

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9
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for the Urea Cycle?

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

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10
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for De novo pyrimidine synthesis?

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

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11
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for Fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

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12
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for De novo purine synthesis?

A

Glutamine-Phosphoribosylphosphate aminotransferase

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13
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme for Ketogenesis?

A

HMG-CoA synthase

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14
Q

Hexokinase has ____ affinity and _____ capacity (Vmax) compared to glucokinase.

A

Increased; decreased

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15
Q

Glucokinase has ____ affinity and _____ capacity (Vmax) compared to hexokinase.

A

Decreased; increased

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16
Q

_____ has negative feedback on glucokinase.

A

Fructose-6-Phosphate

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17
Q

_____ has negative feedback on hexokinase

A

Glucose-6-Phosphate

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18
Q

Name the irreversible enzymes in gluconeogenesis and their locations.

A

Pyruvate carboxylase (mitochondria), Phosophoenolpyruvate kinase (cytosol), Phosphofructokinase-2 (cytosol), Glucose-6-Phosphatase (ER)

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19
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for dopamine?

A

Phenylalanine

20
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for Niacin?

A

Tryptophan

21
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for Melatonin?

A

Tryptophan

22
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for Serotonin?

A

Tryptophan

23
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for heme?

A

Glycine

24
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for Glutathione?

A

Glutamate

25
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for Creatine?

A

Arginine

26
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for Nitric oxide?

A

Arginine

27
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in von Gierke Disease?

A

Glucose-6-Phosphatase

28
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in Pompe Disease?

A

Alpha-1,4-glucosidase

29
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in Cori Disease?

A

Alpha-1,6-glucosidase (Debranching enzyme)

30
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in McArdle Disease?

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

31
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in Gaucher Disease?

A

Glucocerebrosidase

32
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in Fabry Disease?

A

Alpha-galactosidase A

33
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in Niemann-Pick Disease?

A

Sphingomyelinase

34
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in Tay-Sachs Disease?

A

Hexosaminidase A

35
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in Krabbe Disease?

A

Galactocerebrosidase

36
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in Metachromic leukodystrophy?

A

Arylsulfatase A

37
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in Hurler Syndrome?

A

alpha-L-iduronidase

38
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in Hunter Syndrome?

A

Iduronidate sulfatase

39
Q

What accumulates in Fabry Disease?

A

Ceramide trihexoside

40
Q

What accumulates in Gaucher Disease?

A

Glucocerebroside

41
Q

What accumulates in Niemann-Pick Disease?

A

Sphingomyelin

42
Q

What accumulates in Tay-Sachs Disease?

A

GM2 ganglioside

43
Q

What accumulates in Krabbe Disease?

A

Galactocerebroside

44
Q

What accumulates in Metachromic Leukodystrophy?

A

Cerebroside sulfate

45
Q

What accumulates in Hunter/Hurler Syndromes?

A

Dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate

46
Q

Lipoprotein B-48 is characteristic of which particle?

A

Chylomicrons

47
Q

Lipoprotein B-100 is characteristic of which particle?

A

VLDL/IDL/LDL (binds LDL receptor)

Step 1 Review (15 decks)

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