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Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Carbon in plants and animals

A

12% plants
23% animals

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2
Q

Hydrogen in plants and animals

A

10% in plants
10% in plants

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3
Q

Nitrogen in plants and animals

A

1% in plants
3% in animals

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4
Q

Oxygen in plants and animals

A

77% plants
61% animals

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5
Q

Phosphorus in plants and animals

A

1% plants
1% animals

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6
Q

Sulfur in plants and animals

A

0.3% plants
0.3% animals

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7
Q

Inorganic compounds lack

A

CHO

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8
Q

Organic compound have

A

CHO

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9
Q

Acidic pH levels

A

0-6.9
H+ ions

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10
Q

Neutral pH levels

A

7
Neutral

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11
Q

Bases pH levels

A

7.1-14
OH- ions

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12
Q

Hydrogen Donor is

A

Acidic
H+ ions

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13
Q

Hydrogen acceptor is

A

Bases
OH-

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14
Q

Oxygen charge

A

Negative

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15
Q

Hydrogen charge

A

Positive

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16
Q

Oxygen + hydrogen charges =

A

Polar

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17
Q

Polar meaning and ex

A

Equally charged molecules
Hydrogen+oxygen

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18
Q

H2, N2, O2 have a what structure

A

Atmospheric

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19
Q

Calcium is a ___ element and molecule

A

Trace element
Inorganic compound

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20
Q

How many elements are in living things

A

26/92

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21
Q

How many elements are used in large amounts and what are they

A

6/26
CHONPS

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22
Q

How many trace elements

A

20/26

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23
Q

All macromolecules

A

Nucleus acids, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates

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24
Q

What makes up nucleus acids

A

CHOP

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25
Q

Monomer and polymer of nucleus acids

A

Monomer- nucleotide
Polymer- nucleus acids

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26
Q

Examples of nucleuc acids

A

DNA and RNA

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27
Q

Function of nucleic acids

A

Allows traits of parents to be passed down to the child

28
Q

What’re lipids made of

29
Q

Monomer and polymer of lipids

A

Monomer- glycerol and fatty acids
Polymer- triglyceride, phospholipid, waxes, steroids

30
Q

Steroids and ex

A

Chemical messengers
Ex- hormones + cholesterol

31
Q

Hormones and ex

A

Chemical messengers
Ex- testosterone, estrogen

32
Q

Triglycerides and what type of fat

A

Fat molecules
Saturated fats

33
Q

Cholesterol and type of fat

A

Essential for functions of cells and chemical messengers
Unsaturated fats

34
Q

Lipid ex

A

Fats, oils, waxes

35
Q

What shows a positive lipid present

A

Translucent brown paper bag

36
Q

Function of lipid

A

Long term energy, insulation/cushion

37
Q

Saturated fats

A

Single bonds

38
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

Double bonds

39
Q

What are carbs made of

40
Q

Monomer and polymer of carbs

A

Monomer- monosaccharide
Polymer- polysaccharide

41
Q

Ex of carbs

A

Bread, pasta, fruit, vegetables

42
Q

Indicator of carbs

A

Benedict blue
Iodine purple/black (starch)

43
Q

Ex of monomer of carbs

A

Glucose fructose

44
Q

Ex of polymer of carbs

A

Starch, cellulose, chitin

45
Q

Function of carbs

A

Quick energy

46
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Made of elements

47
Q

Compounds

A

Made of 1+ elements

48
Q

Cellulose

A

Structural support in plants
Cell wall

49
Q

Glycogen

A

Energy storage in animals

50
Q

Chitin

A

Makes exoskeleton of bugs
Fungi

51
Q

Starch

A

Energy storage in plants using glucose

52
Q

Proteins are made of

53
Q

Monomer and polymer of proteins

A

Monomer- amino acids
Polymer- protein

54
Q

Peptide bonds

A

Hold 2 amino acids to form a poly peptide chain

55
Q

What bonds hold polypeptide chains

A

Carbon and nitrogen

56
Q

Why does the order matter for amino acids

A

Creates code for proteins

57
Q

Fuctions if enzymes

A

Catalyze, they’re specific, reversible, sensitive to pH and temperature

58
Q

Insulin

A

Controls the amount of glucose in blood

59
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Carries oxygen inn blood

60
Q

Examples of hormones

A

Insulin, hemoglobin

61
Q

Antibodies

A

Help the immune system

62
Q

Ex of proteins

A

Meat, eggs

63
Q

Functions of proteins

A

Provide raw material for cell structure, catalyze chemical reactions, assist in transport

64
Q

How are enzymes denatured

A

Temperature, pH
Hydrogen bonds broken

65
Q

Substrate

A

Put into enzyme

66
Q

Activation site

A

Where substance and enzyme have a chemical reaction

Biology Honors (11 decks)

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