Rna And Dna Flashcards
DNA does what 4 things
Stores hereditary info, thymine, double helix, deoxyribose sugar
RNA has what 4 things
Transports hereditary info, uracil, single helix, ribose sugar
RNA and DNA have what in common
Guanine, cytosine, adenine
mRNA
Carries copies of instructions for assembly of amino acids into proteins
tRNA
Transfers each amino acid to ribosome in mRNA
rRNA
Makes up part of the ribosome
Genes
Segments of DNA
Codon
3 bases of DNA
Enzymes
Control all chemical reactions
Purines amount of rings and types
Adenine, guanine
Double rings
Pyrimidines amount of rings and types
Thymine, cytosine
Single ring
Who found DNA
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin
Nitrogen bases are held by what
Weak hydrogen bonds
What is the order outside to inside of the nucleus
Nucleus, genes, DNA, chromosomes
DNA replication steps
Helicase unzips, primase primes, polymerase connects bases and repairs hydrogen bonds
Backbone of DNA
Phosphate and deoxyribose sugar
Transcription
DNA-> mRNA
Translation
mRNA -> protein
Steps of translation
mRNA comes out of nuclear pore, attaches to ribosome, tRNA comes and attaches anticodons to mRNA and starts polypeptide chain
How many amino acids are needed for a protein
20
All enzymes
Helicase, polymerase, liase, topumerase, primase
Helicase
Unzips
Liase
Glue
Polymerase
Reads DNA and builds onto it
Topumerase
Prevents DNA from recoiling onto itself
Primase
Initializer
Mutations def
Change in DNA sequence
Point Mutation types
Substitution, silent, nonsense
Substitution mutation
One base substituted
Silent mutation
Base change but amino acid doesn’t change
Nonsense mutation
Random change to a stop
Frameshift mutation types
Addition, deletion
