Biochemistry Flashcards
Who is the father of biochemistry?
Archibald Edward Garrod
What is biochemistry?
The branch of science is concerned with the chemical and physicochemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.
Define metabolism.
All chemical reactions that maintain the living state of cells and organisms.
Define anabolism and does it require energy?
The synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones.
It requires energy.
Define catabolism and if it requires energy.
The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones.
It breaks down molecules to yield energy.
Where does all our energy come from?
Ultimately, all our energy comes from the sun
Define redox reactions
Redox reactions are reactions where both oxidation and reduction take place.
Sketch the anabolism redox reaction.
Check in notion
What are the two terms used in anabolic reactions?
Endergonic: Reaction that requires energy to proceed
Reductive: When a reactant accumulates electrons during a reaction.
What is the electron carrier in anabolism?
NADPH + H+
Sketch the catabolic reaction
Check notion
Sketch the catabolic reaction
Check notion
What are the two terms used in catabolism regarding the reactions?
Exergonic: It releases free energy.
Oxidative: A chemical reaction occurs when a substance comes into contact with oxygen or another oxidizing substance.
What is the electron carrier in catabolism?
NADH + H+
(FADH2)
Sketch the oxidative phosphorylation in redox reactions.
Check notion
What is the energy carrier in oxidative phosphorylation?
ATP (Adenosine Tri-phosphate)
Which is the most important carbohydrate?
Glucose
What three polysaccharides have more than half of all organic carbons? In what organism can you find them?
Starch and cellulose: Plants.
Glycogen: Animals.
What is our primary energy source?
Glucose, oxidised to CO2 and H2O
What five cells require glucose as an energy source?
-Erythrocytes
-Retina
-Renal Medulla
-Brain.
-All cancer cells
What are two polysaccharides?
Cellulose and glycogen
What are two polysaccharides?
Cellulose and glycogen
What are the four fates of glucose?
- Undergoes oxidation through aerobic glycolysis to become pyruvate.
- Fermentation by anaerobic glycolysis to become lactate
- Undergoes oxidation through the pentose phosphate pathway to become Ribose-5-phosphate.
- To become Glycogen, Starch and Sucrose, for conversion of lipids.
How do glucose transport into cells?
Via Na+/glucose symporters
Via passive facilitated diffusion glucose transporters.