Basic emergency care

Question 1

Who is the father of Emergency medicine?

Answer 1

Frank Pantridge

Question 2

What are the four aims of BCE?

Answer 2

Preserve life
Prevent the Situation/Patient from deteriorating
Promote recovery
Phone for medical assistance

Question 3

As doctors what are our roles and responsibilities in BEC?

Answer 3

Assess the situation, protecting from dangers (yourself first), getting help, prioritising treatment, minimising infection risks and consent.

Question 4

Once calling 999, what kind of information do we provide?

Answer 4

METHANE
Major incident, the exact location of the incident, type of incident, hazards: actual & potential, access & egress, number & type of casualties, and emergency services: present or required.

Question 5

What composes the primary survey?

Answer 5

DRSABCDE
Danger, response, shout, airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure.

Question 6

What is the ratio of chest compressions and breaths? What do you do instead in the middle of a COVID pandemic?

Answer 6

30:2
32 compressions

Question 7

Where do you do the chest compressions, how deep, and how fast?

Answer 7

Centre of the chest– Place the heel of one hand in the center of the victim’s chest.
5-6 cm in depth
2 per second

Question 8

When should CPR providers switch and why?

Answer 8

Every 2 min cycle to avoid fatigue

Question 9

What does the Resuscitation Council instruct to do during rescue breaths?

Answer 9

Pinch the soft part of the nose closed, using the index finger and thumb of
your hand on the forehead. Allow the mouth to open, but maintain chin lift

Question 10

What does CPR actually do to the heart?

Answer 10

Sternum to spine compression, you are pretty much squeezing the heart.

Question 11

What does CPR do to the thoracic pump?

Answer 11

Elastic recoil of the chest wall
- Produces negative pressure in the thorax
- Leads to a vacuum in the thorax
- Negative pressure gradient so air flows back into lungs
- Blood flows into the heart, ready to be pushed out during the next compression

Question 12

What damage does the CPR to the thoracic pump

Answer 12

Raises ICP
- Valves of heart not functioning
- No one-way system around the heart
- Blood forced out through arteries and veins
Perfusion of the brain is reduced

Question 13

What does the Resuscitation Council instruct to do during an automated external defibrillator?

Answer 13

Attach the electrode pads to the victim’s bare chest and also ensure that nobody is touching the victim while the AED is analyzing the rhythm.