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Biochem > Biochem module 2 > Flashcards

Biochem module 2 Flashcards

2
Q

Base on IUB system, Hexokinase is what kind of enzyme?

A

Transferase

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3
Q

Major storage carbohydrate in animal

A

Glycogen

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4
Q

What equation is used for enzyme exhibiting cooperativitiy
A . Michaelis Menten
B. Hill
C. Michaelis Menten double derived reciprocal
D. All of the above

A

B. if ordinary, a and c

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5
Q

Primer protein for glycogen

A

Glycogenin

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6
Q

How to overcome competitive inhibition

A

Add more substate

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7
Q

Glycogen is a glycoproteins

A

False

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8
Q 
In non competitive inhibition, 
A, vmax increase, km increase
B. no change vmax, km decrease
C. No change vmax, no change km
D. Vmax decrease, no change km
A

D

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9
Q

6 membered ring structure sugar is called

A

Pyranose

If 5- furanose

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10
Q

True or false. After a chemical rxn, enzymes are consumed.

A

False. Enzyme catAlyzes rxn but is not consumed or PERMANENTLY altered

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11
Q

Storage form of glucose for plants

A

Starch. If human, glycogen

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12
Q

True or false. Cytochrome are only found in the mitochondria

A

False.

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13
Q

Where does glycogenesis occur

A

Liver, muscle

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14
Q

If rifampicin, an enzyme inducer is given concommitantly with morphine, these will happen to morphine except
A. Inc effect
B. inc metabolism
C. Inc excretion

A

A. Dec

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15
Q

Precursor for glycogen

A

Glucose

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16
Q

functions similar to those of prosthetic groups but bind in a transient, dissociable manner either to the enzyme or to a substrate

A

Cofactors

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17
Q

What is the rate limiting step in glycogenesis

A

Chain elongation. By glycogen synthase

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18
Q 
Vitamin b needed for	
A. NAD	
B. FMN	
C. Coenzyme A	
D. Ketoacids	
E. one carbon metabolism
A 
A. Nicotinamide	
B. riboflavin	
C. Panthotenic acid	
D. Thiamine	
E. folic acid and cobamide
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19
Q

Activated form of glucose

A

UDP glucose

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20
Q

True or false. Almost all enzyme are protein

A

True. Mostly protein Some ribozymes ( RNA enzymes)

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21
Q

Can glucose 1 phosphate be cleaved

A

No. Change it to G6P first

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22
Q 
The ff can increase reaction rate except
A. Increase temp	
B. increase reactant concentration
C. Increase kinetic energy
D. None of the above
A

D

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23
Q

Rate limiting step in glycogenolysis

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

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24
Q

How many hydrogen ion is translocated in NADH dehydrogenase

A

4

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25
Q

Product formed by debranching enzyme in glycogenolysis

A

Free glucose

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26
Q 
Competitive inhibition has
A. No effect on vmax, increase km
B. increase vmax, no effect on km
C. Decrease vmax, decrease km
D, increase vmax, increase km
E. no effect on vmax, no effect in km
A

A

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27
Q

Pompe’s disease lacks what enzyme

A

Acid maltase

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28
Q 
phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is
A. Endergonic	
B. exergonic	
C. Both	
D. Neither
A

A. Needs energy from ATP.

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29
Q

How many ATP is used in glycogenolysis

A

None

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30
Q

Final electron acceptor in ETC

A

Oxygen

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31
Q

If Gibbs free energy is positive, it will favor
A. Substrate formation
B. product formation

A

Substrate

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32
Q

How many hydrogen ion is needed to produce 1 ATP

A

4

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33
Q

True or false. In noncompetitive inhibition, binding of the inhibitor affects binding of substrate

A

False. Does not affect.

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34
Q

True or false. Chylomicron triacylglycerol is directly taken up by liver

A

False. Lipoprotein lipase must first act on it

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35
Q

True or false. In spontaneous rxn, there is increase in entropy

A

True

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36
Q

What is the prosthetic group of peroxidase

A

Protoheme

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37
Q

Partial oxidation of fatty acids in the liver leads to

A

Ketone body production

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38
Q

How many ATP is produced from FADH2 in TCA

A

3

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39
Q

Initial electron donor in ETC

A

NADH

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40
Q 
If reaction proceeds spontaneously with loss of free energy
A. Gibbs is negative, exergonic
B. Gibbs is positive, endergonic
C. Gibbs is negative, endergonic
D. Gibbs is positive, exergonic
A

A

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41
Q

serve as recyclable shuttles—or group transfer reagents—that transport many substrates from their point of generation to their point of utilization

A

Co enzymes

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42
Q

In ETC, what links the flavoproteins to cytochrome b

A

Ubiquinone or coenzyme Q

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43
Q

process of forming glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors

A

Gluconeogenesis

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44
Q

distinguished by their tight, stable incorporation into a protein’s structure by covalent or noncovalent forces

A

Prosthetic group

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45
Q

Where do non competitive inhibitor bind

A

Allosteric site If competitive, active site

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46
Q

True or false. Endergonic rxn does not need exergonic rxn to take place.

A

False. It cannot exist alone, must have energy source

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47
Q 
In ETC the ff acts as proton pump except
A. Complex I	
B. complex II	
C. Complex III	
D. Complex IV
A

B.

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48
Q

Uncouplers inhibit ETC by what mechanism

A

Create iodophores where hydrogen ions can go inside mitochondria thus reducing the electrochemical gradient for ATP synthase to occur

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49
Q

What inhibitor blocks conduction of hydrogen ion to the ATP synthase

A

Oligomycin

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50
Q 
Monosaccharides are joined by
A. Phosphodiester bond	
B. glycosidic bond	
C. Peptide bond	
D. Hydrogen bond
A

B.
phosphodiester bond for ATP
Peptide bond for amino acids

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51
Q

Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, where it is oxidatively decarboxylated to the two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA. This rxn is called

A

Transition rxn

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52
Q

How many ATP is produced in glycolysis

53
Q

What organism utilize simple exergonic process

A

Autotrophs

54
Q 
Glucose is an example of	
A. Aldehyde	
B. ketone	
C. Carboxylic acid	
D. Alcohol
A

A. Fructose is a ketone

55
Q

As you go along ETC,
A. There is an increase in electronegativity
B. There is a decrease in electronegativity
C. There is no change in electronegativity

56
Q 
In ETC, an inhibition of 1 complex will
A. Slow down ETC	
B. Stop ETC
C. Hasten ETC
D. No effect
57
Q 
Lower Km will result to	
A. Increase affinity	
B. increase vmax	
C. Decrease affinity	
D. Decrease vmax
58
Q

How many net ATP is produced in aerobic glycolysis

59
Q

Most important carbohydrate

60
Q

How many ATP is produced in the NADH of TCA

61
Q 
Barbiturates is an inh. Of ETC complex \_\_\_\_
A. I	
B. II	
C. III	
D. IV
A

A. By inhibiting the transfer of Fes to Q

62
Q

Inhibitor of complex V

A

Atractyloside or oligomycin

63
Q

In complex IV, how many hydrogen ion are translocated

64
Q

True or false. Enzymes are stereospecific

65
Q

In glycogen, what bond causes it to branch

66
Q

Esters of fatty acids with glycerol

A

Fats

If with alcohol , wax

67
Q

Where does glycolysis take place

68
Q 
When a chain is said to be saturated,
A. It has no double bond	
B. it has 1 double bond	
C. It has 2 double bonds	
D. It has 1 triple bond, 1 double bond
69
Q

FADH2 will start at what complex in ETC

70
Q

Inhibitor of glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase

A

Iodoacetate

71
Q

Amphibolic metabolism is
A. Exergonic
B. endergonic
C. Both

A

C. Anabolic - endergonic ; Catabolic - exergonic

72
Q

ALL carboxylases require _____ as a co-factor

73
Q

All the products of digestion are metabolized to a common product called

A

Acetyl coA

74
Q

End product of anaerobic glycolysis

A

Lactic acid

75
Q

Energy is used in gluconeogenesis

A

4 ATP, 2 GTP, 2 NADH

76
Q

Each glucose molecule can produce ____ ATP

77
Q

Where does ETC take place

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

78
Q

Pathway to synthesize ribose

A

Pentose phosphate

79
Q

Main fuel RESERVE of the body

A

Triacylglycerol

80
Q

True or false. All organ can take up free fatty acids

A

False. Brain and erythrocytes cannot

81
Q

NADH is transferred from the cytosol to the mitochondria by what transported

A

Glycerophosphate shuttle or malate shuttle

82
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

83
Q 
Acetyl-CoA is also used as the precursor for biosynthesis of the ff except	
a. long-chain fatty acids	
B. steroids	
C. ketone bodies	
D. none of the above
84
Q

After deamination, amino nitrogen is excreted as

85
Q

Glycolysis is
A. Catabolism
B. anabolism
C. Amphibolism

86
Q

Glycolysis in RBC will yield how many net ATP

87
Q

Dec in glycogen phosphorylase would lead to
A. Inc glycogenesis
B. dec glycogenesis

88
Q 
These organs DO NOT need insulin except
A. RBC	
B. brain	
C. Liver	
D. Muscle	
E. intestinal mucosa
A

D. Muscle and adipose tissues need it

89
Q

How many ATP is invested in glycolysis

90
Q

How does pyruvate become lactate

A

Fermentation by lactate dehydrogenase

91
Q

Major site of gluconeogenesis

A

Liver 90%, kidney 10

92
Q

ATP is an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis

A

False. Activator along fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

93
Q

Rate limiting step in gluconeogenesis

A

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6 phosphate

94
Q

Enolase is inhibited by

95
Q

Where does PEP carboxylase get GTP

A

Beta oxidation of fatty acid

96
Q

True or false Increase breakdown of fat would signal gluconeogenesis

97
Q

Muscle does NOT contribute to blood glucose

A

True. It has no G6P

98
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Where is glucose 6 phosphate converted to glucose

99
Q

How many ATP is used in Cori cycle

100
Q

major precursor of glucose in ruminants

A

Proprionate

101
Q

Priopionate is directly fed to gluconeogenesis

102
Q

true or false. Gluconeogenesis depends on amino acids and, to a lesser extent, on lactic acid and glycerol

103
Q

Increase glucagon increases gluconeogenesis

104
Q

Glucagon stimulate glycolysis

A

FAlse. Inhibit

105
Q

The only source of glucose during prolonged fasting

A

Gluconeogenesis

106
Q

Inc NADH inc gluconeogenesis

107
Q

Dietary EVEN numbered carbon fatty acids will yield propionate

A

False. ODD numbered so yun may carbon 15, 17, 19….

108
Q

Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate would stimulate gluconeogenesis

A

False. Stimulate glycolysis.inh gluconeogenesis

109
Q

Where can you find glucose 6 phosphates

A

Liver and kidney

110
Q

catalyzes the conversion of glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate

A

Glycerol kinase. Found only in kidney n liver

111
Q

Enzyme in the Rate limiting step of glycolysis

A

Fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

112
Q

Where can you find PEP carboxylase

A

Mitochondria

113
Q

Shape of the graph of an enzyme that exhibits cooperativitiy

A

SigmoidalIf ordinary enzyme, hyperbolic

114
Q

combined catabolic and anabolic processes

A

Metabolism

115
Q

The remaining free energy that is not captured as high-energy phosphate is liberated as _____

116
Q

How many net ATP is produced in anaerobic glycolysis

117
Q

Main fuel source of the body

118
Q

How many ATP is produced from the NADH of GLYCOLYSIS

119
Q

portion of the total energy change in a system that is available for doing work

A

Gibb’s free energy

120
Q

True or false. Metalloenzymes are metal activated enzymes

A

False. Metalloenzyme - prosthetic groupMetal activated enzyme - cofactors

121
Q

How many hydrogen ions are translocated in complex II

122
Q

Cyanide inhibits what complex in ETC

123
Q

postulates that the energy from oxidation of components in the respiratory chain is coupled to the translocation of hydrogen ions (protons, H+) from the inside to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory

124
Q

Most accepted theory on enzyme bonding to substrate

A

Induced fit by Koshland

125
Q

extent of disorder or randomness of the system

126
Q

Increase in insulin would lead to
A. Inc glycogenesis
B. dec glycogenesis

Biochem (8 decks)

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