bio test mon. Flashcards

1
Q

what is a concentration gradient?

A

a difference in the number of molecules inside and outside of the cell

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2
Q

active transport uses _____ to move ions across the membrane from low –> high?

A

protein pumps

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3
Q

in which direction will the molecules diffuses?

A

into the cell

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4
Q

blood cells coming from the lungs will have a high of ____ and a low of _____

A

O2 : CO2

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5
Q

muscle cells have a high of ____ and a low of _____

A

CO2 ; O2

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6
Q

what would happen if oxygen reached equilibrium?

A

w out a gradient, O2 would no longer diffuse into the muscle cells
- would eventually lead to organ failure

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7
Q

Facilitated diffusion is a type of ____ transport?

A

passive transport

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8
Q

phosphorylates

A
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9
Q

“membrane potential”

A
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10
Q

bulk transport is a type of what transport?

A

active

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11
Q

bulk transport requires what

A

ATP

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12
Q

what is bulk transport?

A

the movement of large molecules into or out of the cell using vesicles

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13
Q

phagocytosis “cell eating”

A

moves solids into the cell by pseudopods

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14
Q

Pinocytosis “cell drinking”

A

moves liquids into the cell by “pinching in” the membrane

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15
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

refers to the movement and makeup of the cell membrane

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16
Q

diffusion

A

allows lipid-soluble molecules to easily move through the membrane

17
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

a type of cell transport that uses protein channels or carriers to move from high –> low

18
Q

phosphate heads

A
  • polar
  • face inside and outside of the cell membrane
19
Q

osmosis

A

the movement of water into and out of the cell

20
Q

_____ are required to move ions across against the gradient ; requires ATP

A

protein pumps

21
Q

passive

A

type of transport that does not require energy
- moves molecules from high –> low

22
Q

cholesterol

A

a small, hydrophobic molecule that maintains the fluidity of the cell membrane
- only found in animal cells

23
Q

what is the hydrophobic part of the cell membrane made up of?

A

fatty acids

24
Q

what is the name of the transport proteins that allows water into and out of the cell

A

aquaporins

25
endocytosis
movement of large substances into the cell
26
what kinds of molecules are hydrophobic and do not interact with water
non-polar
27
active transport
- requires ATP - moves ions against the gradient from a region of low --> high
28
bulk transport
type of transport that uses vesicles to move large substances into or out of the cell
29
the cell membrane is made of what
phospholipid bilayer
30
_____ substances (like glucose) need to use transport proteins (carriers or channels) to get through the membrane
polar
31
enzymes
proteins that lower activation energy, allowing chemical reactions to occur
32
a concentration gradient exists when what...
when there are differences in the # of molecules across the membrane
33
glycoproteins
proteins in the membrane that are involved with "self or nonself" recognition
34
oxygen
a small, nonpolar molecule that can easily diffuse into cells and is necessary for aerobic respiration
35
exocytosis
movement of large substances out of the cell
36
dynamic equilibrium
no net movement across the membrane
37
receptor
a membrane protein that gets activated by a ligand and causes a "signal transduction" inside the cell