bio quiz

Question 1

who was the first investigator to invent the compound microscope in the early 1600’s

Answer 1

Zacharias Janssen

Question 2

First man to view living cells
- also discovered bacteria
- discovered free-living and parasitic protists, sperm cells, and blood cells

Answer 2

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

person who viewed cork cells that were once living plant cells

Answer 3

Hooke

Question 4

why do plant cell walls remain intact?

Answer 4

because of the structural carbs, CELLULOSE

Question 5

Cell theory

Answer 5

1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in all organisms
3. all cells come from other cells (through the process of cell division - mitosis)

Question 6

function of the cell membrane (both plant and animal have it)

Answer 6

semi/selectively permeable barrier made of phospholipid & protein , controls what goes in and out of the cell ; MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS

Question 7

function of the cytoplasm (both plant and animal have it)

Answer 7

liquid material inside cell where many reactions occur

Question 8

function of the ribosome
(BOTH)

Answer 8

synthesizes proteins (including enzymes)

Question 9

function of the nucleus
(BOTH)

Answer 9

controls all cell activities and function ; contains the genetic material

Question 10

nucleolus function

Answer 10

makes ribosomes (dense spot located inside the nucleus)

Question 11

chromatin function

Answer 11

“threadlike” material made of DNA ; usual form of DNA

Question 12

what are the 2 forms of genetic material?

Answer 12

chromatin & chromosome

Question 13

chromosome function

Answer 13

coiled, rod like DNA

Question 14

nuclear membrane function (both plant and animal have it)

Answer 14

surrounds the nucleus, contains nuclear pores that allows materials in and out

Question 15

mitochondria function (both plant and animal have it)

Answer 15

uses oxygen to release energy from food
- where cellular respiration occurs

Question 16

endoplasmic reticulum function (both plant and animal have it)

Answer 16

membrane tubes that allow materials to travel throughout the cell ; usually found surrounding nucleus

Question 17

rough ER (RER) - both

Answer 17

with ribosomes
- makes/modifies proteins

Question 18

smooth ER (SER) - both

Answer 18

• without ribosomes
• synthesizes lipids
• detoxifies poisons (etc = alcohol)

Question 19

golgi complex function - both plant and animal

Answer 19

packages and prepares proteins (like enzymes & hormones) to be sent out of the cell (secreted)

• looks like flattened membrane sacs

Question 20

lysosome function (ONLY ANIMAL)

Answer 20

small vesicles that contain digestive enzymes ; helps digest food, bacteria, and old cell parts

Question 21

centrioles function (ONLY ANIMAL)

Answer 21

aid in cell division (mitosis)
- made of microtubules

Question 22

flagella function (IN SOME ANIMAL CELLS)

Answer 22

long, whip-like structure (made of microtubules) that allows movement

Question 23

Vacuole function (BOTH)

Answer 23

vesicles that store water, food, and waste

Question 24

what does a vacuole look like in an animal cell?

Answer 24

small, round, many of them

Question 25

what does a vacuole look like in a plant cell?

Answer 25

Large, "the central vacuole"

Question 26

Cell wall function (PLANT ONLY)

Answer 26

made of cellulose, gives cell it's "boxy" structure (non-digestible fiber)

Question 27

Chloroplast function (PLANT ONLY)

Answer 27

Photosynthesis occurs here ( to produce glucose) contains the pigment chlorophyll

Question 28

Leucoplast function (PLANT ONLY)

Answer 28

Stores starchc

Question 29

Chromoplast function (PLANT ONLY)

Answer 29

contains color pigments for petals of flowers & fruit (red, orange, yellow)

Question 30

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 30

proteins in the cytoplasm that form a "web" which helps to maintain cell shape/structure

Question 31

microfilaments function (BOTH)

Answer 31

fine, thread like strands of protein (actin) that aid in cytoplasmic streaming

Question 32

microtubules (BOTH)

Answer 32

long, hollow tubes made of protein (tubulin) ; they help maintain cell shape and provide "tracks" for cell organelles and vesicles to move on

Question 33

intermediate filaments function (BOTH)

Answer 33

ropelike proteins that reinforce cell shape and anchor organelles

Question 34

What are the 2 proteins that make up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 34

microtubules & microfilaments

Question 35

Cilia function

Answer 35

short, hair like projections that aid in movement - cells in our trachea have cilia to sweep away dust and debris from our lungs

Question 36

Endocytosis

Answer 36

process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane

Question 37

pseudopods

Answer 37

extensions of the cytoplasm ; or thick liquid that is inside organelles like amoeba