bio quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

who was the first investigator to invent the compound microscope in the early 1600’s

A

Zacharias Janssen

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2
Q

First man to view living cells
- also discovered bacteria
- discovered free-living and parasitic protists, sperm cells, and blood cells

A

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

person who viewed cork cells that were once living plant cells

A

Hooke

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4
Q

why do plant cell walls remain intact?

A

because of the structural carbs, CELLULOSE

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5
Q

Cell theory

A
  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in all organisms
  3. all cells come from other cells (through the process of cell division - mitosis)
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6
Q

function of the cell membrane (both plant and animal have it)

A

semi/selectively permeable barrier made of phospholipid & protein , controls what goes in and out of the cell ; MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS

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7
Q

function of the cytoplasm (both plant and animal have it)

A

liquid material inside cell where many reactions occur

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8
Q

function of the ribosome
(BOTH)

A

synthesizes proteins (including enzymes)

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9
Q

function of the nucleus
(BOTH)

A

controls all cell activities and function ; contains the genetic material

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10
Q

nucleolus function

A

makes ribosomes (dense spot located inside the nucleus)

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11
Q

chromatin function

A

“threadlike” material made of DNA ; usual form of DNA

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12
Q

what are the 2 forms of genetic material?

A

chromatin & chromosome

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13
Q

chromosome function

A

coiled, rod like DNA

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14
Q

nuclear membrane function (both plant and animal have it)

A

surrounds the nucleus, contains nuclear pores that allows materials in and out

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15
Q

mitochondria function (both plant and animal have it)

A

uses oxygen to release energy from food
- where cellular respiration occurs

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16
Q

endoplasmic reticulum function (both plant and animal have it)

A

membrane tubes that allow materials to travel throughout the cell ; usually found surrounding nucleus

17
Q

rough ER (RER) - both

A

with ribosomes
- makes/modifies proteins

18
Q

smooth ER (SER) - both

A
  • without ribosomes
  • synthesizes lipids
  • detoxifies poisons (etc = alcohol)
19
Q

golgi complex function - both plant and animal

A

packages and prepares proteins (like enzymes & hormones) to be sent out of the cell (secreted)

  • looks like flattened membrane sacs
20
Q

lysosome function (ONLY ANIMAL)

A

small vesicles that contain digestive enzymes ; helps digest food, bacteria, and old cell parts

21
Q

centrioles function (ONLY ANIMAL)

A

aid in cell division (mitosis)
- made of microtubules

22
Q

flagella function (IN SOME ANIMAL CELLS)

A

long, whip-like structure (made of microtubules) that allows movement

23
Q

Vacuole function (BOTH)

A

vesicles that store water, food, and waste

24
Q

what does a vacuole look like in an animal cell?

A

small, round, many of them

25
Q

what does a vacuole look like in a plant cell?

A

Large, “the central vacuole”

26
Q

Cell wall function (PLANT ONLY)

A

made of cellulose, gives cell it’s “boxy” structure (non-digestible fiber)

27
Q

Chloroplast function (PLANT ONLY)

A

Photosynthesis occurs here ( to produce glucose) contains the pigment chlorophyll

28
Q

Leucoplast function (PLANT ONLY)

A

Stores starchc

29
Q

Chromoplast function (PLANT ONLY)

A

contains color pigments for petals of flowers & fruit (red, orange, yellow)

30
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

proteins in the cytoplasm that form a “web” which helps to maintain cell shape/structure

31
Q

microfilaments function (BOTH)

A

fine, thread like strands of protein (actin) that aid in cytoplasmic streaming

32
Q

microtubules (BOTH)

A

long, hollow tubes made of protein (tubulin) ; they help maintain cell shape and provide “tracks” for cell organelles and vesicles to move on

33
Q

intermediate filaments function (BOTH)

A

ropelike proteins that reinforce cell shape and anchor organelles

34
Q

What are the 2 proteins that make up the cytoskeleton?

A

microtubules & microfilaments

35
Q

Cilia function

A

short, hair like projections that aid in movement
- cells in our trachea have cilia to sweep away dust and debris from our lungs

36
Q

Endocytosis

A

process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane

37
Q

pseudopods

A

extensions of the cytoplasm ; or thick liquid that is inside organelles like amoeba

38
Q
A