Bio Test #8 Flashcards

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1
Q

ecology

A

study of relationships between living organisms & their environment

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2
Q

ecosystem

A

community & its abiotic environment

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3
Q

population

A

all organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time

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4
Q

community

A

population of different species interacting in the same area

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5
Q

species

A

group of individuals that can interbreed & produce fertile offspring

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6
Q

habitat

A

location within which a species normally lives

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7
Q

autotroph

A

producer; organism that can synthesize organic molecules from unorganic molecules

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8
Q

heterotroph

A

consumer; can obtain organic molecules from other organisms

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9
Q

What are types of heterotrophs?

A

herbivores, carnivores, detritivores

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10
Q

herbivores

A

organisms that feed on plant matters

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11
Q

carnivores

A

organisms that feed on other organsims

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12
Q

detritivores

A

organisms that feed on non living organism matters

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13
Q

Saprotrophs/ saprophyte

A

secrete digestive enzymes on either living or nonliving organisms and then absorb the product of external digestion

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14
Q

food chains

A

diagrams that show the linear flow of energy by showing “who eats whom.” The arrow points toward animal that eats. “not the one that is eaten.” must be specific

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15
Q

food web

A

diagrams that show how food chains are linked. They offer a more complete picture

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16
Q

What are limitations of food web?

A

difficult to construct accurately (can take years); sometimes we don’t know all the relationships between organisms; diet changes with season and that is not shown by food web

17
Q

evolution

A

cumulative change in heritable characteristics of a population

18
Q

natural selection

A

the environment select traits that are most favorable by allowing organisms with a certain trait to survive. Because they survive, they will be more likely to reproduce & pass the trait onto their

19
Q

struggle for survival

A

organism must compete for food, territory, shelter, mates, water, and health

20
Q

What are the three pieces of evidence for evolution?

A

fossil record
artificial selection/ breeding
homologous structures

21
Q

fossil

A

ancient, preserved remains of an organism

22
Q

fossil record

A

can be dated (age of rock formation it is), show gradual change of organisms
show extinction, still not complete (several gaps)

23
Q

artificial selection

A

men have selectively been breeding animals/plants for 1000s of years to suit their needs; if an animal show a favorable traits that animal will be allowed to breed in the hopes that the trait will be passed on to the offspring

24
Q

Homologous Structures

A

organisms that share a common ancestor will show or retain some common structures; vestigial structures

25
Q

vestigial

A

modified; enlarged or reduced

26
Q

What are vestigial structures of homologous structures?

A

convergent

divergent

27
Q

convergent structure

A

2 organisms that do not share a common ancestor & have a structure that fulfills the same function

28
Q

divergent structure

A

shows adaptions & modifications from a common ancestor