Bio Test #8

Question 1

ecology

Answer 1

study of relationships between living organisms & their environment

Question 2

ecosystem

Answer 2

community & its abiotic environment

Question 3

population

Answer 3

all organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time

Question 4

community

Answer 4

population of different species interacting in the same area

Question 5

species

Answer 5

group of individuals that can interbreed & produce fertile offspring

Question 6

habitat

Answer 6

location within which a species normally lives

Question 7

autotroph

Answer 7

producer; organism that can synthesize organic molecules from unorganic molecules

Question 8

heterotroph

Answer 8

consumer; can obtain organic molecules from other organisms

Question 9

What are types of heterotrophs?

Answer 9

herbivores, carnivores, detritivores

Question 10

herbivores

Answer 10

organisms that feed on plant matters

Question 11

carnivores

Answer 11

organisms that feed on other organsims

Question 12

detritivores

Answer 12

organisms that feed on non living organism matters

Question 13

Saprotrophs/ saprophyte

Answer 13

secrete digestive enzymes on either living or nonliving organisms and then absorb the product of external digestion

Question 14

food chains

Answer 14

diagrams that show the linear flow of energy by showing “who eats whom.” The arrow points toward animal that eats. “not the one that is eaten.” must be specific

Question 15

food web

Answer 15

diagrams that show how food chains are linked. They offer a more complete picture

Question 16

What are limitations of food web?

Answer 16

difficult to construct accurately (can take years); sometimes we don’t know all the relationships between organisms; diet changes with season and that is not shown by food web

Question 17

evolution

Answer 17

cumulative change in heritable characteristics of a population

Question 18

natural selection

Answer 18

the environment select traits that are most favorable by allowing organisms with a certain trait to survive. Because they survive, they will be more likely to reproduce & pass the trait onto their

Question 19

struggle for survival

Answer 19

organism must compete for food, territory, shelter, mates, water, and health

Question 20

What are the three pieces of evidence for evolution?

Answer 20

fossil record
artificial selection/ breeding
homologous structures

Question 21

fossil

Answer 21

ancient, preserved remains of an organism

Question 22

fossil record

Answer 22

can be dated (age of rock formation it is), show gradual change of organisms
show extinction, still not complete (several gaps)

Question 23

artificial selection

Answer 23

men have selectively been breeding animals/plants for 1000s of years to suit their needs; if an animal show a favorable traits that animal will be allowed to breed in the hopes that the trait will be passed on to the offspring

Question 24

Homologous Structures

Answer 24

organisms that share a common ancestor will show or retain some common structures; vestigial structures

Question 25

vestigial

Answer 25

modified; enlarged or reduced

Question 26

What are vestigial structures of homologous structures?

Answer 26

convergent

divergent

Question 27

convergent structure

Answer 27

2 organisms that do not share a common ancestor & have a structure that fulfills the same function

Question 28

divergent structure

Answer 28

shows adaptions & modifications from a common ancestor