Bio Test #2

Question 1

What are the steps to communicate peers?

Answer 1

1. Use right statistics
2. Make tables and graphs
3. Research Literature
4. Publish

Question 2

statistics

Answer 2

mathematical formulas that describe our data and comparing to other data

Question 3

What are the significances of tables & graphs?

Answer 3

Help visualize, organize, compare, analyze data. It can also help simplify information and sometimes can help predict

Question 4

What must tables have?

Answer 4

a table needs all the correct units, a title, & the same significant digits throughout the table

Question 5

What must graphs have?

Answer 5

A graph needs to have all the info to understand it on the graph; label axes & put a title

Question 6

what is the importance of the research of literature?

Answer 6

to know how to start & what is being done before & to strengthen your conclusion

Question 7

What is the publishing process?

Answer 7

Scientist picks a journal & adapts his/her paper to the style of journal. Sends it to publisher who sends it out to 3 reviewers, who either accept it w/ corrections, or rejects it. If rejected, sent to another publisher. If accepted with change, scientist needs to make changes & send it back (paper can come back for change just 2 times). If paper is accepted, publisher sends it to print & scientist needs to check everything looks right. If paper is ok, it is published

Question 8

Why is publishing such a lengthy process?

Answer 8

to ensure that science is accurate & that only the best & most valid gets published

Question 9

How do you wear clothes in a lab?

Answer 9

not baggy; hair pulled back; protective gear; no dangling jewelry; closed toe shoes; may not wear contacts

Question 10

What should the behavior be in a lab?

Answer 10

no food or drinks; move carefully around the lab; no horseplay; notify the teacher immediately; know location of emergency station; listen for instructions

Question 11

What should the technical behavior be in a lab?

Answer 11

pour water first & then acid to dilute the acid right away; pour away from you & others; clean it from outside moving in where there is a spill; to smell, waft over beaker/tube; to heat, use tongs to hold tube away from you, wearing heat resistant gloves

Question 12

How do you search online?

Answer 12

1. Check web address
2. check credibility of author
3. check references
4. check date info was posted
5. double check info by looking at other websites
6. when referencing the website add the date of access

Question 13

What are the different types of microscopes?

Answer 13

light microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope

Question 14

What are advantages of a light microscope?

Answer 14

Material to observe is very easy to prepare; living material can be observed; allows to see colors; large field of view

Question 15

Why is it good that living material can be observed?

Answer 15

We can observe movement or life processes

Question 16

Why is it good that light microscopes allow scientists to see colors?

Answer 16

It is useful for ID of different organisms & useful to recognize stained cells

Question 17

What are disadvantages of a light microscopes?

Answer 17

It has poor resolution & does not allow us to see any of the organelles inside the cell

Question 18

Why is it bad to have poor resolution?

Answer 18

it allows us to see objects whose size is 0.25 micrometers & does not allow us to see any of the organelles inside the cell

Question 19

What are advantages of both electron microscopes?

Answer 19

very good resolutions (x500,000), which allows us to see objects as small as .25 nanometers & many details

Question 20

What are disadvantages of both electron microscopes?

Answer 20

sample is difficult to prepare (lengthy process & use toxic substances); sample must be killed; image is monochrome (different shapes of black, white, & gray); small field of view

Question 21

What is the difference between the SEM & TEM?

Answer 21

SEM have 3D images, outside; TEM can give good images of inside of sample, twice the resolution of SEM, 2D image, sees the smallest of the electron microscope

Question 22

Tube

Answer 22

connects the eyepiece to the objectives

Question 23

arm

Answer 23

supports the tube & connects it to the base

Question 24

Revolving Nosepiece/ Turnet

Answer 24

holds many objectives

Question 25

condenser

Answer 25

allows more or less light go through your object

Question 26

How do you calculate the magnification on an object?

Answer 26

Eyepiece (10) x objective

Ex. 10 x 4

Question 27

How do you calculate the magnification from a picture?

Answer 27

You use the scale bar given and you measure the size of the scale bar over the label of scale bar

Question 28

After finding the magnification of a picture, how do you determine the actual size of the object in the picture?

Answer 28

Measuring the size of the object, divide it by the magnification and then convert to micrometers

Question 29

matter

Answer 29

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 30

mass

Answer 30

quantity of matter that an object has

Question 31

weight

Answer 31

result of gravity acting on mass

Ex: same object on earth & the moon will have the same mass, but different

Question 32

What are essential to life processes?

Answer 32

Chemical changes

Question 33

Elements

Answer 33

substances that cannot be broken into anything smaller (chemically)

Question 34

What are the four main elements in a living organism?

Answer 34

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen

Question 35

Carbon

Answer 35

C, main organic molecule compound (but also forms inorganic compounds such as Carbon Dioxide or Carbonates). It can form 4 covalent bonds with other elements

Question 36

Hydrogen

Answer 36

H2, one of the main elements of organic molecules

(inorganic: H20) can form one covalent bond

Question 37

Oxygen

Answer 37

O2, one of the main elements of organic compounds

inorganic: H2O & O2

Question 38

Nitrogen

Answer 38

N2, part of amino acids, which is the building block of proteins; inorganic compounds: nitrate are important for plants, put in fertilizer

Question 39

Calcium

Answer 39

Ca, part of bones, teeth, shells; an important neurotransmitter

Question 40

Sodium

Answer 40

Na, important neurotransmitter

Question 41

Phosphorous

Answer 41

P, part of the DNA molecule, ATP (main form of energy in the cell), & phospholipid bilayer (cell membrane)

Question 42

Iron

Answer 42

Fe, part of hemoglobin (responsible for oxygen transport)

Question 43

Atom

Answer 43

smallest unit of matter, so small that it cannot be seen

Question 44

Nucleus

Answer 44

central region, where the bulk of mass and protons & neutrons are located there

Question 45

Neutrons

Answer 45

no charge

Question 46

Protons

Answer 46

positive charge

Question 47

Electrons

Answer 47

negatively charged; located around the nucleus & move at very high speed (further from the nucleus need to have more energy) balanced with an equal number of protons

Question 48

orbital

Answer 48

3D regions where we are more likely to find electrons

Question 49

Why is atomic mass not always a whole number?

Answer 49

Atomic mass is the “average” atomic mass, but it also takes into account the relevant abundance of the different isotope in the element- that’s why!

Question 50

Ion

Answer 50

if an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged

Question 51

Cation

Answer 51

if an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged

Question 52

Isotopes

Answer 52

the different number of neutrons in an element