Bio Test #4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic Compounds

A

Compounds that contain carbon found in living organisms

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2
Q

What are inorganic compounds that contain carbon, that is found in living organisms?

A

CO2 (carbon dioxide), CO3 (carbonate),& HCO3 (bio carbonate)

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3
Q

What are the 3 main organic compounds?

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

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4
Q

What are characteristics of organic compounds?

A

Large & seem very complex, but in reality they are built using small & relatively simple monomers

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5
Q

Monomers

A

Subunits

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6
Q

Polymers

A

Monomers joined together

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7
Q

What are monomers for carbohydrates?

A

Glucose
Ribose
Fructose

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8
Q

How many carbon compounds does glucose contain?

A

C6H12O6; 6 carbon compounds

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9
Q

How many carbon compounds does ribose contain?

A

C5H10O5; 5 carbon compound

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10
Q

What are functions of carbohydrates?

A

Quick form of energy, transport energy, stores energy

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11
Q

Saccharides

A

Another word carbohydrates

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12
Q

What are monomers of protein?

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

Protein

A

Amino acids joined together

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14
Q

Peptide

A

Another word for amino acids

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15
Q

How are amino acids joined together?

A

By a condensation reaction

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16
Q

Peptide bond

A

A covalent bond between two amino acids

17
Q

What are functions of protein?

A

They control the rate of reaction, proteins are a part of bones & muscles, transport things in and out of cells, help fight diseases

18
Q

What are monomers of lipids?

A

Glycerol & fatty acid

19
Q

Glycerides

A

Another word for lipids

20
Q

Monoglyceride

A

1 fatty acid chain linked to glycerol

21
Q

Diglyceride

A

2 fatty acid chains added to the glycerol

22
Q

Triglyceride

A

3 fatty acid chains are added to the glycerol

23
Q

What can lipids be?

A

Saturated or unsaturated

24
Q

Saturated

A

With hydrogen

25
Q

Unsaturated

A

Fatty acid train loses some hydrogen & forms double bonds between carbon, there can be more than one double bond

26
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

Long term energy storage, water proof covering on leaves (wax), heat insulation, buoyancy, part of cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

27
Q

Heat insulation

A

Fat under skin reduced heat loss

28
Q

Buoyancy

A

Fat is less dense than water & it helps them float

29
Q

How are carbs different than lipids in energy storage?

A

Easily digested (energy can be released more quickly same); soluble in water, so they are easier to transport; short term energy

30
Q

How are lipids different than carbs in energy storage?

A

Cannot be digested as easily but they contain more energy per gram, so storage of lipids is lighter than carbohydrates for the amount of energy; in soluble in water so they do not cause problem w/ osmosis in cells; long term energy

31
Q

Indicator

A

Chemical substances that react w/ specific compounds (they change color when they react w/ a specific compound (the color change indicates presence of that compound))