Bio Test #4 Flashcards
Organic Compounds
Compounds that contain carbon found in living organisms
What are inorganic compounds that contain carbon, that is found in living organisms?
CO2 (carbon dioxide), CO3 (carbonate),& HCO3 (bio carbonate)
What are the 3 main organic compounds?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
What are characteristics of organic compounds?
Large & seem very complex, but in reality they are built using small & relatively simple monomers
Monomers
Subunits
Polymers
Monomers joined together
What are monomers for carbohydrates?
Glucose
Ribose
Fructose
How many carbon compounds does glucose contain?
C6H12O6; 6 carbon compounds
How many carbon compounds does ribose contain?
C5H10O5; 5 carbon compound
What are functions of carbohydrates?
Quick form of energy, transport energy, stores energy
Saccharides
Another word carbohydrates
What are monomers of protein?
Amino acids
Protein
Amino acids joined together
Peptide
Another word for amino acids
How are amino acids joined together?
By a condensation reaction
Peptide bond
A covalent bond between two amino acids
What are functions of protein?
They control the rate of reaction, proteins are a part of bones & muscles, transport things in and out of cells, help fight diseases
What are monomers of lipids?
Glycerol & fatty acid
Glycerides
Another word for lipids
Monoglyceride
1 fatty acid chain linked to glycerol
Diglyceride
2 fatty acid chains added to the glycerol
Triglyceride
3 fatty acid chains are added to the glycerol
What can lipids be?
Saturated or unsaturated
Saturated
With hydrogen
Unsaturated
Fatty acid train loses some hydrogen & forms double bonds between carbon, there can be more than one double bond
What are the functions of lipids?
Long term energy storage, water proof covering on leaves (wax), heat insulation, buoyancy, part of cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
Heat insulation
Fat under skin reduced heat loss
Buoyancy
Fat is less dense than water & it helps them float
How are carbs different than lipids in energy storage?
Easily digested (energy can be released more quickly same); soluble in water, so they are easier to transport; short term energy
How are lipids different than carbs in energy storage?
Cannot be digested as easily but they contain more energy per gram, so storage of lipids is lighter than carbohydrates for the amount of energy; in soluble in water so they do not cause problem w/ osmosis in cells; long term energy
Indicator
Chemical substances that react w/ specific compounds (they change color when they react w/ a specific compound (the color change indicates presence of that compound))
