Bio Test 4 Flashcards
Nucleotide added to a growing DNA strand
Nucleoside Triphosphate
What catalyzes elongation?
DNA Polymerases
What is the rate of elongation (bacteria)?
500 nucleotides/s
What is the rate of elongation (humans)?
50 nucleotides/s
How long is one DNA strand?
3 billion base pairs
dNTP
Deoxiribonucleoside triphosphate
What prevents DNA from reannealing/stabilizes DNA?
Single Strand Binding Proteins (SSBs)
Enzyme that removes primers and replaces it with the corresponding nucleotides
DNA Polymerase 1
Enzyme that connects the DNA fragments
DNA Ligase
Strand that goes away from fork
Lagging
Strand that goes toward the fork
Leading
- “Nicks” (makes a small cut out of) 1 strand of DNA and repairs it; corrects “overwinding”
- Breaks, swivels, and rejoins DNA strands
DNA Topoisomerase
In which direction does a DNA strand elongate?
5’ to 3’
To cut out and replace damaged stretches of DNA
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)
Two thymines have an extra bond
Thymine Dimer
Repairing incorrect, deleted, or misincorporated bases that occur during replication process, removes a chunk and starts over
Mismatch Repair
What is the name for mRNA before being processed? (Eukaryote)
Pre-mRNA, Primary Transcript
What is the name for mRNA after being processed? (Eukaryote)
Mature RNA
Processing DNA (connect exons, get rid of introns)
Splicing
Ribosyme
RNA molecules that are enzymes