Bio-Pac 08: Objective 01-05

Question 1

Objective 1. Explain the “binomial nomenclature” of scientific naming .

Answer 1

The first name identifies the genus (closely related species) in which the organism is classified. The second word is descriptive of the organism. The first name refers to a larger group called the genus, while the second refers to a smaller group called the species .

Question 2

Objective 2. Describe the five factors modern taxonomists use to classify organisms .

Answer 2

There are five factors that modern taxonomists use to classify organisms. The first is structural similarities, the second is cellular organization in prokaryotic (lacking membranous structures) and eukaryotic, the third is biochemical similarity of the same organic compounds, the fourth is genetic similarity of chromosome structures (strongest evidence of relationship), and the fifth is embryological development .

Question 3

Objective 3. List the classification levels, in order, from general to specific

Answer 3

The first level is the kingdoms, the next is the phylum, the third is the classes, the fourth is the orders, the fifth is the family, the sixth is the genus, and the seventh is the species. However sometimes the species have members that vary slightly, which are called varieties .

Question 4

Objective 4. List each kingdom in the six-kingdom system and give a description of the organisms found in each .

Answer 4

The first kingdom is Archaebacteria which is ancient bacteria. The second kingdom is Eubacteria which have no membranous structures and are called true bacteria. The first two kingdoms use to be called the monera kingdom. The third kingdom is Protista which are protozoans and single celled organisms. The fourth kingdom is Fungi, which are organisms that are colonies or groups of cells. The fifth kingdom is the Plantae which are organisms that go through photosynthesis. The sixth kingdom is the Animalia which us any organism not in any of the above five kingdoms .

Question 5

Objective 5. Differentiate between a variety and a subspecies. (Refer to your notes.)

Answer 5

A variety is members of species which vary slightly while a subspecies is a variety of species which vary slightly in different geographical areas .