Bio-Pac 01: Objective 01 and 06 Flashcards
Objective 1. List and describe the ten characteristics of living things.
a. One of the ten characteristics of all living things is that it must organize protoplasm. Meaning that cells must organize the contents within the cell. This then allows a system of substances to react with each other in a special state of chemical reactivity because the cells have their protoplasm organized (contents of a cell). Without protoplasm organized your body would be unorganized because when the cells are not organized substances cannot react with each other in a special state of chemical reactivity.
b. A second thing that a living thing must have to be considered living is that it must use energy. Living things must use energy because life is a continuous state of chemical activity. In other words your cells are always having chemical activity that they must use energy.
c. Living things must have at least one sell and be unicellular or have many cells and be multicellular to be considered living. All living things need to have a cell because it is the main unit of life, and without cells a living thing cannot function. While a virus is not considered living because it has no cells and cannot function on its own from its own cells unless it has a host of its own.
d. The fourth thing that a living thing needs to be considered living is that it is capable to grow bigger than it originally was.
e. To be considered living you need to be capable of producing offspring of the same species.
f. Another thing that a living thing needs to be considered living is that it must have a life span.
I. Beginning of life
ii. Growth (I am still growing)
iii. Maturity (girls mature at 16, and guys will mature around 22)
iv. Decline
v. Death
g. Being affected by their environment makes you a living thing. You are able to tell that a something is living because it will be affected by the environment and will have to do something about what is going on in their environment or will have to respond to the environment.
h. Responding to your environment makes you a living thing, because you are affected by the internal or external condition of your environment and need to do something about the condition to better improve your life.
i. By being affected by your environment you will be irritable and have a stimulus that will make you want to better improve your life, and you will respond to your irritability/stimulus.
i. To be a living thing you will need variation and adaption. Meaning that when you are affected by your environment you will respond to your stimulus and try to find an adaptation so you can better improve your life.
j. The last thing you need to be considered a living thing is that you will need to be able to reproduce the same specie you are.
Objective 6: Describe the function of each of the following parts of a microscope: coarse adjustment, fine adjustment, eyepiece, revolving nosepiece, scanning objective, low-power objective, high-power objective, diaphragm, stage, stage clips, and light source.
Coarse adjustment: The function of the coarse adjustment is to move the stage up and down. It brings the specimen into a general focus, meaning that it gets it somewhat focused but does not make as clear as an image as a fine adjustment.
Fine adjustment: One of the functions that the fine adjustment is to move the stage up and down. After the coarse adjustment gets a general focus but does not get a very clear image, the fine adjustment will focus the image slightly to get a better resolution and a clearer image than the coarse adjustment gets with a general focus
Eyepiece: The eyepiece’s function is to look at your specimen. There is an ocular lens in the eyepiece that allows you to look at your specimen in the slide at a magnification of 10x.
Revolving Nosepieces: The revolving nosepieces allow you to change the lens that you are using. This enables you to look closer at your specimen if you are not zoomed in close enough by turning the nosepiece. If you are to zoomed in, it then allows you to turn the nosepiece and user a lower power lens so you can zoom out and look at your specimen farther away.
Diaphragm: The diaphragm allows you to control the amount of light that hits the specimen. This means that if the diaphragm is opened too much and is letting too much light in and causing the slide to be too illuminated and making it harder to look at because it is too bright, you can close it and get the right amount of light that hits it. Or maybe the slide isn’t getting enough light and you are having trouble looking at the specimen because it is too dark; if so, then you can open the diaphragm a little more.
Stage: The only function of the stage is to support the slide when they are placed on the stage to be viewed, and to also move up and down with the coarse and fine adjustments to focus the image.
Stage Clips: The stage clips function is to keep the slides still on the stage and in one place, so that the specimen that you are looking at in the slide does not move when you look at it in the microscope. This allows the slides to stay still rather than moving around and always making you have to readjust where the slide is when you are looking at it in the microscope.
Light Source: The light source illuminates the specimen that you are looking at. This enables it so you are able to get light to shine on the specimen, and illuminate it so you are able to see the specimen and get a better image of the specimen with the light reflecting off of it.
Objectives: The objectives’ function is that they help magnify at different levels. The objectives contain the three lens, scanning objective (4x), low-power objective (10x), and high-power objective (40x). The objectives function is that they are all lens that magnify at different levels, so you can see your image closer or zoomed out.
