Bio-Pac 02: Objective 01-04 and 06 Flashcards
Objective 1: State the cell theory
Robert Hooke, an English scientist, contributed to the development of the cell theory. He contributed to the development because he used a crude compound microscope to examine thin slices of a cork and when he observed the cork he observed the cork had cells. He then published his findings in his drawings and descriptions, which later helped develop the cell theory. Matthias Schleiden and Thomas Schwann, two German scientists in the 1830s, were able to view different organisms with microscopes and draw some important conclusions on them. Schleiden used a microscope to observe plants and Schwann used a microscope to observe animals, and both concluded that that all plants and animals are composed of cells. The observations and conclusions of these scientists and scientists from the late 17th century to the time of Schwann and Schleiden helped contribute to the cell theory, the most basic ideas of modern biology. This theory is made up of three parts. The first part says that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, meaning they are unicellular or multicellular, the second part says that the cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms, and the third parts says the all cells come from preexisting cells.
Objective 2. Explain the relationship of cell size, as a factor of, available food supply and volume.
As the cell’s size or volume increases the cell will need to be getting a greater food supply coming into it. However if the surface area of the cell is not great enough meaning if the surface of the cell membrane is not great enough, there will not be a large enough food supply coming into the cell which is needed for the cell’s large volume. This means that when the cell’s volume increases, the cell will need to increase its surface area/cell membrane’s surface area so it has a great enough food supply. Or if the volume of the cell decreases, the cell will need to decrease its surface area/cell membrane’s surface area because it will have too much food coming into the cell. Also if the surface area/cell membrane’s area is increased or if the surface area/cell membrane’s area is decreased the cell will need a increase or decrease the volume because it will need room for all the food coming into the cell or it will need decrease the volume because it does not need that much volume for how much food is coming into the cell.
Objective 3. Draw and label the following parts of an animal cell: nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, vacuole, lysosomes, and centrioles.
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Objective 4. Draw and label the following parts of a plant cell: nucleus, plasma membrane, nucleolus, vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts.
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Objective 6. List four differences between plant and animal cells.
One difference between a plant and animal cell is that plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts while animal cells don’t, and animal cells have lysosomes and centrioles while plants cells do not. Another difference between animal cells and plant cells is that plant cells are usually in the shape of a rectangle because they have cell walls which are usually inflexible, while animal cells can be any shape because they don’t have a cell wall but on a cell membrane which is flexible. A third difference between the plant cells and animal cells is that plant cells usually have larger vacuoles and animal cells usually have small vacuoles. Another difference is that animal cells usually have their nucleus in the center but not always, and plant cells usually don’t have their nucleus in the center but sometimes will.
