Bio-Pac 03: Objective 08-11 and 13

Question 1

Objective 8. State the function of ATP in cells.

Answer 1

ATP has functions in cells. One of ATP’s function is that it can be a reactant or it can be a product. ATP is the product of light reaction, and is tehn used in dark reaction to make glucose. When the glucose is made in dark reaction the energy that is held by glucose is released in the form of ATP. ATP is chemical energy that goes to chemical reactions in the cell or organelle, so the chemical reaction has chemical energy (energy), so the reaction can take place. Energy is stored in the third phosphate bond, or ATP. When ATP is broken the products are ADP (a lower energy bond), energy, and a phosphate.

Question 2

Objective 9. List the requirements (reactants) for photosynthesis to occur and its end products.

Answer 2

The chemical formula for photosynthesis is 6C02 + 6H2O(sun, enzymes, and chlorophyll) C6H12O6 + 6O2 this means that the molecules on the left of the arrow (before the reaction took place) are the reactants, while the molecules on the right side of the arrow (after the reaction took place) are the products. This means that the reactants of the equation are six molecules of carbon-dioxide and six molecules of water, while the products are a molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen. To make the photosynthesis reaction happen, light reaction and the dark reaction need to occur. The light reaction’s reactants are chlorophyll B, H2O/Water molecule, 3ADP, and light, while the products are ½ O2/ ½ Oxygen molecule, and 3ATP. The reactants of a dark reaction are RDP, CO2/ Carbon Dioxide, 3ATP, while the products are a molecule of glucose. These reactions must occur before the photosynthesis reaction can occur.

Question 3

Objective 10. State the chief function of leaves.

Answer 3

Leaves have a chief function/job. The leaf is commonly called the photosynthesis organelle because it is where photosynthesis takes place. If photosynthesis takes place in the leaf because the leaf contains the cells with the chloroplast (organelle responsible for photosynthesis) and chlorophyll (pigment in the organelle that captures the light to transform it into usable energy), leaves’ main job is to allow an area where photosynthesis can occur meaning the leaf is also helping in the process of photosynthesis which is the production glucose (food) which is when carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, enzymes, and chlorophyll come together to make glucose. This means leaves’ main function is to allow a place for photosynthesis to occur, and because they are allowing a place for this to occur they are also adding in the process of photosynthesis meaning they are also aiding in the production of glucose.

Question 4

Objective 11. Using a diagram show the internal structure of a typical leaf and label the following structures: cutin, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis, guard cell, stoma, and leaf vein.

Answer 4

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Question 5

Objective 13. Identify the relationship between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Answer 5

Heterotrophs and autotrophs are both eubacteria, the second main type of bacteria. There are two three types of eubacteria. The first type is a heterotroph. It needs an organic molecule as an energy source, but it is not adapted for trapping the food that contains the molecule, so these are usually parasites which absorb nutrients from living things, or they are saprobes which are organisms that feed on dead organisms or organic waste (they help recycle the nutrients contained in decomposing organisms). The third type of eubacteria is an autotroph. These types of bacteria get their energy from chemosynthetic breakdown of inorganic substances such as sulfur and nitrogen compounds. Some of these will convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to forms that can be used readily by plants. They both are eubacteria, both are needed because one breaks down dead organism and organic waste while another helps plant have usable nitrogen, and both have something to do with inorganic and organic sources—heterotrophs cannot make an organic molecule from an inorganic molecule, while an autotroph can make an organic molecule from an inorganic molecule.