Bio-Pac 05: Objective 03-06

Question 1

Objective 3. List four ways RNA is different from DNA.

Answer 1

RNA contains the sugar ribose while DNA has the sugar deoxyribose. In RNA instead of thymine as a base, it is replaced with uracil. RNA is only one stand or a single stranded structure when DNA is a two stranded structure. RNA is able to leave the nucleus while DNA is unable to.

Question 2

Objective 4. Explain the importance of protein synthesis.

Answer 2

Protein synthesis is important because it is the formation of proteins which will allow your body to grow, heal, and regenerate.

Question 3

Objective 5. List and describe the steps of DNA transcription.

Answer 3

First the DNA molecule will unwind, and then the molecule will unzip. These two steps are exactly like DNA replication. RNA nucleotides then match up with “naked” or exposed bases. These RNA nucleotides will only match up with one side of a DNA molecule because RNA is a one stranded molecule. This then leaves a mRNA as a one stranded molecule. After mRNA finishes transcribing the DNA molecule, it then breaks away and will leave the nucleus and will go to the ribosomes to carry out RNA translation (protein synthesis).

Question 4

Objective 6. List and describe the steps of RNA translation.

Answer 4

First the mRNA will go to the ribosome and get read by the ribosome, one codon at a time. Each three letter code word (codon) codes for a single amino acid, therefore the order of these codons codes the order in which the amino acids should come together. (start codon = AUG, stop codon = three types). The transfer RNA or tRNA has a specific amino acid and will bring this amino acid to the ribosome when the codon on the mRNA matches up with the anti-codon of the tRNA. The amino acids called for by the mRNA attach to each other in the oreder they are coded for and then you get a protein which is joined together by a peptide bond—the finished protein is called a poly peptide protein.Review Ribosomal RNA or rRNA