bio molecule

Question 1

what is a monomer

Answer 1

• small units that are components of larger molecules

Question 2

what are examples of monomers?

Answer 2

• monosaccharides (glucose)
• amino acids
• nucleotides

Question 3

what are polymers?

Answer 3

-molecules made from monomers joined together

Question 4

what is a condensation reaction?

Answer 4

• joins monomers by chemical bonds, elimination of H20 molecule

Question 5

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 5

• when H20 is added to break chemical bons between two molecules

Question 6

what are components of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

Question 7

what are glycosidic bonds used for?

Answer 7

join monosaccharides to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
- formed in condensation reactions

Question 8

what is glucose?

Answer 8

• six carbon monosaccharide
• main substrate for respiration

Question 9

give three examples of disaccharides

Answer 9

• maltose
• sucrose
• lactose

Question 10

glucose + glucose makes

Answer 10

• maltose

Question 11

glucose + fructose makes

Answer 11

• sucrose

Question 12

glucose + galactose makes

Answer 12

• lactose

Question 13

what are polysaccharides

Answer 13

• formed by many glucose units joined together

Question 14

give examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 14

• glycogen
• starch
  cellulose

Question 15

what is glycogen?

Answer 15

• formed by condensation of alpha glucose
• joined together by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds

Question 16

why is glycogen an energy source

Answer 16

• large number of side branches so glucose and energy can be released quickly
• large and compact maximises amount of energy storage

Question 17

what is starch?

Answer 17

• stores energy in plants
• mixture of amylose and amylopectin

Question 18

why is amylose an energy source?

Answer 18

• unbranched chain and glucose molecules joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds
• makes it coiled and compact
• can store a lot of energy

Question 19

why is amylopectin an energy source?

Answer 19

• glucose molecules joined by 1,4 to 1,6 glycosidic bonds
• side branches so rapidly digested by enzymes
• energy released quickly

Question 20

what is cellulose?

Answer 20

• component of cell walls in plants
• long, unbranched chains of beta glucose
• joined by glycosidic bonds

Question 21

what are microfibrils?

Answer 21

• strong threads made of long cellulose chains
• joined by hydrogen bonds
• provide structural in plant cells

Question 22

what are lipids?

Answer 22

• molecules that are only insoluble in organic solvents e.g alcohols

Question 23

what are saturated lipids?

Answer 23

• found in animals fats
• doesn’t have any carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 24

what are unsaturated lipids?

Answer 24

• found in plants
• contains carbon-carbon double bonds
• melt at lower temperatures than saturated fats v 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