bio molecule Flashcards
1
Q
what is a monomer
A
- small units that are components of larger molecules
2
Q
what are examples of monomers?
A
- monosaccharides (glucose)
- amino acids
- nucleotides
3
Q
what are polymers?
A
-molecules made from monomers joined together
4
Q
what is a condensation reaction?
A
- joins monomers by chemical bonds, elimination of H20 molecule
5
Q
what is hydrolysis?
A
- when H20 is added to break chemical bons between two molecules
6
Q
what are components of carbohydrates?
A
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
7
Q
what are glycosidic bonds used for?
A
join monosaccharides to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
- formed in condensation reactions
8
Q
what is glucose?
A
- six carbon monosaccharide
- main substrate for respiration
9
Q
give three examples of disaccharides
A
- maltose
- sucrose
- lactose
10
Q
glucose + glucose makes
A
- maltose
11
Q
glucose + fructose makes
A
- sucrose
12
Q
glucose + galactose makes
A
- lactose
13
Q
what are polysaccharides
A
- formed by many glucose units joined together
14
Q
give examples of polysaccharides?
A
- glycogen
- starch
cellulose
15
Q
what is glycogen?
A
- formed by condensation of alpha glucose
- joined together by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
16
Q
why is glycogen an energy source
A
- large number of side branches so glucose and energy can be released quickly
- large and compact maximises amount of energy storage
17
Q
what is starch?
A
- stores energy in plants
- mixture of amylose and amylopectin
18
Q
why is amylose an energy source?
A
- unbranched chain and glucose molecules joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- makes it coiled and compact
- can store a lot of energy
19
Q
why is amylopectin an energy source?
A
- glucose molecules joined by 1,4 to 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- side branches so rapidly digested by enzymes
- energy released quickly
20
Q
what is cellulose?
A
- component of cell walls in plants
- long, unbranched chains of beta glucose
- joined by glycosidic bonds
21
Q
what are microfibrils?
A
- strong threads made of long cellulose chains
- joined by hydrogen bonds
- provide structural in plant cells
22
Q
what are lipids?
A
- molecules that are only insoluble in organic solvents e.g alcohols
23
Q
what are saturated lipids?
A
- found in animals fats
- doesn’t have any carbon-carbon double bonds
24
Q
what are unsaturated lipids?
A
- found in plants
- contains carbon-carbon double bonds
- melt at lower temperatures than saturated fats v 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