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Biology 1 > Bio Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Bio Lecture 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Joints are classified according to the manner in which the adjacent bones are ______________

A

bound to each other

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2
Q

Body joint, also called

A

synostosis

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3
Q

________ ____ formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become, in effect, a single bone

A

immovable joint

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4
Q

an infant is born with right and left mandibular bones and frontal bones, but these _____ into a single mandible and frontal bone

A

fuse

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5
Q

fibrous joint, also called _________

A

synarthrosis

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6
Q

_______ _____ a point at which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from the matrix of one bone, cross the space between them and penetrate into the matrix of the other bone

A

fibrous joint

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7
Q

three kinds of sutures

A

serrate sutures

lap sutures

plane sutures

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8
Q

_____ sutures - appear as wavy lines along the adjoining bones, firmly interlocking them

A

serrate

sagittal suture

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9
Q

_____ sutures (squamous sutures) - occur where two flat bones have overlapping edges

A

lap

squamous suture

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10
Q

_____ sutures - occur where two bones have straight, non-overlapping edges

A

plane

suture between left and right palatine process of the maxilla

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11
Q

The attachment of a tooth to its socket

the ligament allows the tooth to move a little under the stress of chewing

A

gomphoses

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12
Q

______ - fibrous joints in which the bones are bound by longer collagenous fibers than in a suture or gomphosis, giving the bones more mobility

A

syndesmoses

shafts of the ulna and radius are connected by an interosseous membrane which allows the forearm to rotate

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13
Q

Cartilaginous Joint (also called _______)

A

amphiarthroses

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14
Q

bones are linked by _______

A

Cartilage

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15
Q

______ - joints in which the bones are bound by hyaline cartilage

A

synchondroses

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16
Q

temporary joint between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child, formed by the __________ plate

A

epiphyseal

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17
Q

attachment of a rib to the sternum by a ________ _______ _________

A

hyaline costal cartilage

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18
Q

_____ joints in which bones are joined by fibrocartilage

A

symphyses

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19
Q

pubic symphysis that connects the left and right _____ bones

A

pubic

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20
Q

cartilage between the bodies of two vertebrae synovial joints (also called _________) - freely movable joints

A

diarthroses

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21
Q

_______ _______ - a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the connecting surface of a bone a synovial joint, serving to reduce friction and ease joint movement

A

articular cartilage

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22
Q

____ _____ - narrow space between the bones in a synovial joint

A

joint cavity

23
Q

______ _____ - a lubricating fluid like egg white in consistency, found in the synovial cavities and bursae

A

synovial fluid

24
Q

____ _____ - capsule of connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity and retains fluid

A

joint capsule

25
Q

______ _____ - outer portion of the joint capsule continuous with the periosteum of the bones

A

fibrous capsule

26
Q

______ _____ - inner portion with fibroblast-like cells that secrete synovial fluid and macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity

A

synovial membrane

27
Q

______ ___ - fibrocartilage that grows inward from the joint capsule to form a pad between the articular bones

A

articular disc

28
Q

______ - crescent-shaped cartilages in the knee that absorb shock and guide bones across each other

A

meniscus

29
Q

_____ - a collagenous band or cord associated with a muscle, usually attaching it to a bone and transferring muscular tension to it

A

tendon

30
Q

_______ - a cord or band of tough collagenous tissue binding one organ to another, especially one bone to another and serving to hold organs in place

A

ligament

31
Q

_____ - a sac filled with synovial fluid at a synovial joint, serving to facilitate muscle or joint action

A

bursa

32
Q

_____ _____ - bursae that are elongated cylinders wrapped around a tendon

A

tendon sheath

33
Q

______ joint - joints that can move like a door hinge

A

HINGE

34
Q

______ joints - joints that slide over each other with limited twisting

articular surfaces are flat or only slightly concave and convex: wrist and ankle

A

gliding

35
Q

______ joint - joints in which the first bone rotates on its longitudinal axis relative to each other

axis, ulna wrapping around radius

A

pivot

36
Q

______ joint - joints that allow movement in two axes (providing a wide range of movement)

the articular surface of each bone is shaped like a saddle (concave in one direction and convex in the other): thumb

A

saddle

37
Q

_______ joint - joints that allow movement in two axes but are more limited than saddle joint

the articular surface of one bone is oval and convex while the other bone is similarly shaped depression

A

condyloid

38
Q

__________ joint - joints that provide the greatest range of movement (they are multiaxial)

a smooth hemispherical head of one bone fits into a cuplike depression on another: scapula

A

ball - and - socket

39
Q

______ - movement that decreases the angle of a joint on an anterior-posterior plane

bending neck to look down

A

flexion

40
Q

______ - movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to anatomical position

straightening elbow or knee, raising head to look forward

A

extension

41
Q

______ - extension of a joint beyond 180

bending neck to look forward

A

hyperextension

42
Q

______ - movement of a body part away the medial plane

raising the arm to one side of the body, spreading fingers

A

abduction

43
Q

_____ - movement of a body part toward the median plane

bringing arms to sides

A

adduction

44
Q

______ - movement of a body part to raise it vertically

shrugging shoulders

A

elevation

45
Q

_____ - movement of a body part downward

lowering the shoulders

A

depression

46
Q

_____ - movement of a body part anteriorly on a plane parallel with the ground

moving mandible forward

A

protraction

47
Q

_____ - movement of a body part posteriorly on a plane parallel to the ground

moving the mandible backward

A

retraction

48
Q

_____ _____ - sideways movement to the right or left

movement of the jaw away from the midline

A

lateral excursion

49
Q

_____ _____ - movement back to the midline

movement of the jaw back to midline

A

medial

50
Q

________ - movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion

winding up a pitch

A

circumduction

51
Q

_____ - movement in which a bone turns on its longitudinal axis

twisting the thigh at the femur

A

rotation

52
Q

_____ - movement of the forearm so that the palm faces forward or upward

A

supination

53
Q

_____ - movement of the forearm so that the palm faces downward

A

pronation

Biology 1 (6 decks)

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