Bio Lecture 6 Flashcards
Joints are classified according to the manner in which the adjacent bones are ______________
bound to each other
Body joint, also called
synostosis
________ ____ formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become, in effect, a single bone
immovable joint
an infant is born with right and left mandibular bones and frontal bones, but these _____ into a single mandible and frontal bone
fuse
fibrous joint, also called _________
synarthrosis
_______ _____ a point at which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from the matrix of one bone, cross the space between them and penetrate into the matrix of the other bone
fibrous joint
three kinds of sutures
serrate sutures
lap sutures
plane sutures
_____ sutures - appear as wavy lines along the adjoining bones, firmly interlocking them
serrate
sagittal suture
_____ sutures (squamous sutures) - occur where two flat bones have overlapping edges
lap
squamous suture
_____ sutures - occur where two bones have straight, non-overlapping edges
plane
suture between left and right palatine process of the maxilla
The attachment of a tooth to its socket
the ligament allows the tooth to move a little under the stress of chewing
gomphoses
______ - fibrous joints in which the bones are bound by longer collagenous fibers than in a suture or gomphosis, giving the bones more mobility
syndesmoses
shafts of the ulna and radius are connected by an interosseous membrane which allows the forearm to rotate
Cartilaginous Joint (also called _______)
amphiarthroses
bones are linked by _______
Cartilage
______ - joints in which the bones are bound by hyaline cartilage
synchondroses
temporary joint between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child, formed by the __________ plate
epiphyseal
attachment of a rib to the sternum by a ________ _______ _________
hyaline costal cartilage
_____ joints in which bones are joined by fibrocartilage
symphyses
pubic symphysis that connects the left and right _____ bones
pubic
cartilage between the bodies of two vertebrae synovial joints (also called _________) - freely movable joints
diarthroses
_______ _______ - a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the connecting surface of a bone a synovial joint, serving to reduce friction and ease joint movement
articular cartilage
____ _____ - narrow space between the bones in a synovial joint
joint cavity
______ _____ - a lubricating fluid like egg white in consistency, found in the synovial cavities and bursae
synovial fluid
____ _____ - capsule of connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity and retains fluid
joint capsule
______ _____ - outer portion of the joint capsule continuous with the periosteum of the bones
fibrous capsule
______ _____ - inner portion with fibroblast-like cells that secrete synovial fluid and macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity
synovial membrane
______ ___ - fibrocartilage that grows inward from the joint capsule to form a pad between the articular bones
articular disc
______ - crescent-shaped cartilages in the knee that absorb shock and guide bones across each other
meniscus
_____ - a collagenous band or cord associated with a muscle, usually attaching it to a bone and transferring muscular tension to it
tendon
_______ - a cord or band of tough collagenous tissue binding one organ to another, especially one bone to another and serving to hold organs in place
ligament
_____ - a sac filled with synovial fluid at a synovial joint, serving to facilitate muscle or joint action
bursa
_____ _____ - bursae that are elongated cylinders wrapped around a tendon
tendon sheath
______ joint - joints that can move like a door hinge
HINGE
______ joints - joints that slide over each other with limited twisting
articular surfaces are flat or only slightly concave and convex: wrist and ankle
gliding
______ joint - joints in which the first bone rotates on its longitudinal axis relative to each other
axis, ulna wrapping around radius
pivot
______ joint - joints that allow movement in two axes (providing a wide range of movement)
the articular surface of each bone is shaped like a saddle (concave in one direction and convex in the other): thumb
saddle
_______ joint - joints that allow movement in two axes but are more limited than saddle joint
the articular surface of one bone is oval and convex while the other bone is similarly shaped depression
condyloid
__________ joint - joints that provide the greatest range of movement (they are multiaxial)
a smooth hemispherical head of one bone fits into a cuplike depression on another: scapula
ball - and - socket
______ - movement that decreases the angle of a joint on an anterior-posterior plane
bending neck to look down
flexion
______ - movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to anatomical position
straightening elbow or knee, raising head to look forward
extension
______ - extension of a joint beyond 180
bending neck to look forward
hyperextension
______ - movement of a body part away the medial plane
raising the arm to one side of the body, spreading fingers
abduction
_____ - movement of a body part toward the median plane
bringing arms to sides
adduction
______ - movement of a body part to raise it vertically
shrugging shoulders
elevation
_____ - movement of a body part downward
lowering the shoulders
depression
_____ - movement of a body part anteriorly on a plane parallel with the ground
moving mandible forward
protraction
_____ - movement of a body part posteriorly on a plane parallel to the ground
moving the mandible backward
retraction
_____ _____ - sideways movement to the right or left
movement of the jaw away from the midline
lateral excursion
_____ _____ - movement back to the midline
movement of the jaw back to midline
medial
________ - movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion
winding up a pitch
circumduction
_____ - movement in which a bone turns on its longitudinal axis
twisting the thigh at the femur
rotation
_____ - movement of the forearm so that the palm faces forward or upward
supination
_____ - movement of the forearm so that the palm faces downward
pronation
