Bio Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Human anatomy is the study of the ________ of the human body

A

structure

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2
Q

Physiology is the _____ of the human body

A

function

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3
Q

morphology looks at the ________ reasons behind structures

A

functional

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4
Q

_____, A Greek physician wrote one of the most influential anatomy textbooks

A

Galen

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5
Q

Andreas _____ commissioned the first accurate anatomical illustrations on the structure of the human body

A

Vesalius

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6
Q

Deceased bodies

A

cadavers

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7
Q

______ ______ ; the study of structures visible to the eye

A

gross anatomy

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8
Q

surface anatomy is limited to the _____ surface

A

external

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9
Q

_____ _____ is the study of internal structures with x-ray

A

radiologic anatomy

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10
Q

_____ is the study of tissue

A

histology

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11
Q

_____ is the study of cells

A

cytology

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12
Q

_____ _____ is the study of the body under a microscope

A

microscopic anatomy

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13
Q

_____ ; the smallest chemical units

A

atoms

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14
Q

molecules are put together to make _____

A

organelles

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15
Q

_____; structures in a cell that carry out individual functions

A

organelles

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16
Q

_____; mass of similar cells and cell products from a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function

A

tissue

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17
Q

an _____ is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together

A

organ

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18
Q

an organ _____ is a group of organs that carry out a basic function; circulation; respiration

A

system

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19
Q

Anatomical _____ is the standard position

A

position

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20
Q

Anatomical position conditions (4)

A

body is erect
feet are parallel to each other and flat on the floor
eyes are directed forward
arms are at the sides and palms are turned forward

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21
Q

Supine means…

A

palms forward

22
Q

prone means

A

palms down

23
Q

_____ plane divides into left and right portion

A

sagittal

24
Q

_____ plane divides into equal left and right

A

midsagittal

25
Q

_____ plane divides into front and back portions

A

coronal

26
Q

_____ plane divides into upper and lower portions

A

traverse

27
Q

towards the head

A

superior

28
Q

towards the front

A

anterior

29
Q

towards the midline of the body

A

medial

30
Q

towards the trunk

A

proximal

31
Q

away from the head

A

inferior

32
Q

Axial region

A

head
cervical
trunk

33
Q

trunk region

A

thoracic
abdominal

34
Q

the abdominal region can be divided into 4 regions, with intersecting lines through the _____

A

umbilicus

35
Q

appendicular region (12)

A

Upper limbs (upper extremities)
Brachial region (arm – just shoulder to elbow)
Antebrachium (forearm)
Carpus (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Digits
Lower limbs
Femoral region (thigh)
Crus region (leg – just knee to ankle)
Tarsus (ankle)
Pes (foot)
Digits (toes)

36
Q

Spaces inside the body are called _____

A

cavities

37
Q

cavities are lined with _____ that cover organs and hold them in place

A

membranes

38
Q

organs within the cavities are referred to as _____

A

viscera

39
Q

Dorsal body activity:

 consists of \_\_ subdivisions: \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_
A

2, cranial, vertebral

40
Q

ventral body cavity: consists of 2 subdivisions: _____ and _____

A

thoracic, abdominopelvic

41
Q

the abdominal cavity (___ the pelvis) contains digestive organs______

A

the spleen, the kidneys, and ureters

42
Q

the pelvic cavity contains the _____

A

urinary bladder and reproductive organs

43
Q

Organ systems list (10)

A

Integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
circulatory
respiratory
urinary
digestive
reproductive

44
Q

integumentary system:
skin, hair, nails
Reasons: 4

A

protection, water retention, thermoregulation, cutaneous sensation

45
Q

skeletal system:
bones, cartilages, ligaments
Reasons: 4

A

support, movement, protection of viscera, blood formation

46
Q

nervous system:
brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia
Reason: 2

A

rapid internal communication and coordination, sensation

47
Q

endocrine system:
the pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland
Reasons: 2

A

internal chemical communication and coordination

48
Q

circulatory system:
heart, blood vessels
Reasons: 4

A

distribution of hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells

49
Q

respiratory system:
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Reasons: 3

A

absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide. speech

50
Q

urinary system:
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Reasons: 3

A

elimination of waste, regulation of electrolytes and acid-base balance

51
Q

digestive system:
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines

A

nutrient breakdown and absorption

52
Q

reproductive system:
testes, epididymites, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, penis
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary glands

A

production and delivery of sperm
production of eggs, site of fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment., birth, lactation