Bio Lecture 1 Flashcards
Human anatomy is the study of the ________ of the human body
structure
Physiology is the _____ of the human body
function
morphology looks at the ________ reasons behind structures
functional
_____, A Greek physician wrote one of the most influential anatomy textbooks
Galen
Andreas _____ commissioned the first accurate anatomical illustrations on the structure of the human body
Vesalius
Deceased bodies
cadavers
______ ______ ; the study of structures visible to the eye
gross anatomy
surface anatomy is limited to the _____ surface
external
_____ _____ is the study of internal structures with x-ray
radiologic anatomy
_____ is the study of tissue
histology
_____ is the study of cells
cytology
_____ _____ is the study of the body under a microscope
microscopic anatomy
_____ ; the smallest chemical units
atoms
molecules are put together to make _____
organelles
_____; structures in a cell that carry out individual functions
organelles
_____; mass of similar cells and cell products from a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function
tissue
an _____ is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together
organ
an organ _____ is a group of organs that carry out a basic function; circulation; respiration
system
Anatomical _____ is the standard position
position
Anatomical position conditions (4)
body is erect
feet are parallel to each other and flat on the floor
eyes are directed forward
arms are at the sides and palms are turned forward
Supine means…
palms forward
prone means
palms down
_____ plane divides into left and right portion
sagittal
_____ plane divides into equal left and right
midsagittal
_____ plane divides into front and back portions
coronal
_____ plane divides into upper and lower portions
traverse
towards the head
superior
towards the front
anterior
towards the midline of the body
medial
towards the trunk
proximal
away from the head
inferior
Axial region
head
cervical
trunk
trunk region
thoracic
abdominal
the abdominal region can be divided into 4 regions, with intersecting lines through the _____
umbilicus
appendicular region (12)
Upper limbs (upper extremities)
Brachial region (arm – just shoulder to elbow)
Antebrachium (forearm)
Carpus (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Digits
Lower limbs
Femoral region (thigh)
Crus region (leg – just knee to ankle)
Tarsus (ankle)
Pes (foot)
Digits (toes)
Spaces inside the body are called _____
cavities
cavities are lined with _____ that cover organs and hold them in place
membranes
organs within the cavities are referred to as _____
viscera
Dorsal body activity:
consists of \_\_ subdivisions: \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_
2, cranial, vertebral
ventral body cavity: consists of 2 subdivisions: _____ and _____
thoracic, abdominopelvic
the abdominal cavity (___ the pelvis) contains digestive organs______
the spleen, the kidneys, and ureters
the pelvic cavity contains the _____
urinary bladder and reproductive organs
Organ systems list (10)
Integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
circulatory
respiratory
urinary
digestive
reproductive
integumentary system:
skin, hair, nails
Reasons: 4
protection, water retention, thermoregulation, cutaneous sensation
skeletal system:
bones, cartilages, ligaments
Reasons: 4
support, movement, protection of viscera, blood formation
nervous system:
brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia
Reason: 2
rapid internal communication and coordination, sensation
endocrine system:
the pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland
Reasons: 2
internal chemical communication and coordination
circulatory system:
heart, blood vessels
Reasons: 4
distribution of hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells
respiratory system:
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Reasons: 3
absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide. speech
urinary system:
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Reasons: 3
elimination of waste, regulation of electrolytes and acid-base balance
digestive system:
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines
nutrient breakdown and absorption
reproductive system:
testes, epididymites, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, penis
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary glands
production and delivery of sperm
production of eggs, site of fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment., birth, lactation
