Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Bio Examples > Flashcards

Bio Examples Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

GDP of agriculture in Australia

A

Australia’s agriculture sector contributes to 3% of the country’s gross domestic product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Case study of agricultural disease and effect

A

Foot and Mouth Disease: FMD virus.
Hoofed animals
Blistering prevents milk production.=

Estimated $15 billion au if occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Public health campaign for an infectious disease.

A

late 1980s: Grim Reaper Campaign

Raised public awareness of HIV in a memorable way.

Effect: The incidence dropped and stabilised during the year following.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rosalin Franklin

A
  • Nucleotide bonding & pairing.
  • Nucleotide composition
  • DNA replication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mendle’s laws

A

Autosomal inheritance:

  1. principle of dominance
  2. law of segregation (each gamete carries 1 allele for
    each gene)
  3. the law in independent assortment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Effect of EMR mutagens and example.

A

X rays: shorter wavelengths enter in cell and interfere with the DNA in the nucleus causing chemical compositions to change such as the bonds to break, cellular division to be impaired and metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aboriginal use of biotechnology

A

Aqua culture
Eel traps among water systems of western NSW.
Built connection between previously existing water systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of agricultural problems that have occurred from whole organism cloning.

A

1845: Ireland’s Potatoe famine.
- cloned lumper potatoes.
- all susceptiable to potatoe blight fungus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dolly

A
  • not strictly identical, subject to environmental factors that influence gene expression.
  • Mitochondrial DNA is different
  • It to 2007 times to create Dolly who died early.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Agricultural example of a transgenic species.

A

Bt CORN
Gene - Bacillus Thuringia: soil bacterium that produces insecticidal toxins.
Pest - European Corn Borer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Industry uses of modern biotechnology

A

GMO yeast: converts waste into biofuel
Bioplastics produced from corn.
Enzyme: languard: used for pesticide degradation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Words first drastic change in biodiversity

A

Movement from hunting and gathering to farming.

Selective breeding for stronger yields.
Increasing population density → world’s first drastic change in biodiversity.
Working dogs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Smoke bush

A

Used against cancer and HIV aids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Example of Aboriginal Medicine & its contribution to modern day medicine.

A

Eucalyptus Oil

infused for body pains and fevers
Commercially: in mouthwash, throat lozenges and cough represents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Example of a proccess to give recogintion of aboriginal people.

A

Macquarie University Indeigenous Bioresources Research Group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Incidence & prevalence of disease: Dengue/Malaria

A
  • Tropical / subtropical
  • 1950: epidemics in thailand.
  • Aedes aegypti mosquioto vector.
  • Breeding: waste disposal, tree, water storage.
  • new mediciation, releif for aches and pains and fevers.
  • pesticide, education, vaccine
  • vaccine: 4 types, hard to develop.
17
Q

Endotherm structural adaption for homeostasis example

A

Red kangaroo - longer loop of henle.

Increases water absorption, more conc. urine, less water loss.

18
Q

Endotherm physiological adaption for homeostasis example.

A

Koala - low metabolic rate

Eucalyptus more properly digested, conserves energy.

19
Q

Endotherm behavioral adaptions example

A

Kangaroo: panting and licking forearms assists evaporative cooling.

Eastern pygmy possum: hybernates in winter when food is scarce.

20
Q

Mechanisms in plants that allow water balance to be maintained example.

A

Ficus Carcia: sunken stomata in leaf pockets

  • pockets trap air around leaf
  • creates a humid layer around stomate
  • prevents conc gradient
  • reduces rate of transpiration.
21
Q

Epidemiological case study example

A

Dr Robert Doll, 1947 London.

  • suggested link between smoking and lung cancer.
  • wide range of factors collected.
22
Q

Plant disease in agricultural production

A

Fire Blight: bacterium

  • fruits, apples, pears
  • all apple producing EXCEPT aus.
  • tissue death, bacterial ooze.
  • Aus fruit industry: $475 million / year.
23
Q

Example of a biological mutation

A

End of metabolism products: nitrosamines

  • nitric acid eaten in combination with amine cooked at high temperatures.
  • combines to form a carcinogen.
24
Q

Chromosone mutation

A

Nondisjunction causing Aneuploidy
-Meiosis 1
- Down Syndrome - extra chromosome 21
- 0.1% live births worldwide.
Likelihood increases along with age of mother
- More commonly occurs during egg formation as opposed to sperm formation.

  • experience cognitive delays, characteristic facial appearance.
25
Q

Medical application of genetic technology

A

Insulin: gene cloning

Plasmid and bacterial cells.

26
Q

Plants asexual reproduction

A

Runners: strawberries
(side chains than extend along with the soil)

Bulbs: onions.
(new shoots develop from underground bud cells)

27
Q

Fungi reproduction

A

Budding: yeast
(bulge forms and detaches after nucleus divides, identical)

Spores:
(miotic division)

28
Q

Bacteria reproduction

A

Binary Fission: ‘thermus bacteria’

a single cell divides into 2 genetically identical daughter cells.

29
Q

Sex-linked disease

A

hemophilia (clotting)

red-green color blindness.

30
Q

Incomplete dominance example

A

Snapdragons: BLEND; intermediate hybrid forms as there is a blending of the two alleles to form to phenotypically express pink as opposed to white or red.

31
Q

Co-dominance example

A

Roan cows: JOIN; Both alleles are expressed, creating a new phenotype.

32
Q

Multiple alleles example

A

Blood type; 3 types of antigens

33
Q

Population genetics in conservation management example

A

CHEETAHS:
7,000 left, 33 populations
10% of historical population range.
PCR identifies there to be 90-99% LESS genetic diversity.

Endangerment from: bottleneck (events)
Ice age
1800s: poaching, habitat destruction (human influences)

Solutions
Captive breeding
Worldwide initiatives
Asian breeding with African.

34
Q

Before spontaneous germ theory was disproved.

A

Crimean War

  • 1850
  • infection
  • open windows or “fresh air”
35
Q

Specific plants passive response to a disease

A

Fungi: Phytophthora Cinnamomi
Affects: Eucalyptus & Coastal wattle
What: soil-borne pathogen, attacks roots.

Passive: inhibits pathogen entry
PHYSICAL
- stomata 
- cell walls 
- enzyme secretion

CHEMICAL

  • enzymes
  • waxy cuticles
  • thick guard cells
36
Q

Specific plants active to a disease

A

Fungi: Phytophthora Cinnamomi
Affects: Eucalyptus & Coastal wattle
What: soil-borne pathogen, attacks roots.

Liginin resynthesis: production of cells to repair bark
Hormone: abscisic acid; inhibits the growth
Rapid cell death near site of entry

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions