Bio Chapter 9

Question 1

Endocrine signaling

Answer 1

Hormones produced in endocrine glands are selected in the bloodstream and are distributed widely throughout the body

Question 2

Signaling cell

Answer 2

Produces an extracellular signal molecule

Question 3

Target cell

Answer 3

Detects the signal molecule

Question 4

Paracrine signaling

Answer 4

Signals are released by cells into the extracellular fluid in their neighborhood and act locally, faster than endocrine

Question 5

Contact-dependent signaling

Answer 5

A signal molecule on the surface of one cell binds to a receptor protein an adjacent cell

Question 6

Neuronal (synaptic) signaling

Answer 6

Neuronal signals are transmitted electrically along a nerve cell axon, nerve to nerve or nerve to muscle

Question 7

Apoptosis

Answer 7

Programmed cell death
Helps regulate animal cell numbers
Cells die without damaging neighbors

Question 8

Necrosis

Answer 8

Cells typically swell, burst and spill contents over neighbors
Can trigger inflammation response

Question 9

What is used to signal a cell?

Answer 9

Receptors

Question 10

Mating in yeast

Answer 10

Signaling molecule calling a mating factor
The mating factor binds to cell surface receptors
The cell receiving the signal extends a protrusion toward the source of the factor

Question 11

Quorum sensing

Answer 11

Ability of bacteria to sense the presence of other bacteria via secreted chemical signals called autoinducers
The more bacteria, the more autoinducers

Question 12

Phosphorylation

Answer 12

Addition of a phosphate by a kinases

Question 13

Main classes of cell surface receptors

Answer 13

Ion channel coupled receptors
G protein coupled receptors
Enzyme coupled receptors