Bio Chapter 8

Question 1

Chlorophyll a (primary)

Answer 1

Main pigment in plants and cyanobacteria
Only pigment that can directly convert light energy to chemical energy
Absorbs violet-blue and red light
Found in the thylakoids inside the chloroplast

Question 2

Chlorophyll b

Answer 2

Accessory pigment or secondary pigment
Absorbs light wavelengths that chlorophyll a does not

Question 3

Carotenoids

Answer 3

Accessory pigments
Can absorb photons with a wide range of energies (yellow, red, brown, green)
Also scavenge free radicals preventing oxidative stress

Question 4

Phycobiliproteins

Answer 4

Accessory pigments found in cyanobacteria and some algae
Can be organized to form a light harvesting complex that can absorb green light
Light that is reflected by chlorophyll
Beneficial in low light areas

Question 5

Photosynthesis

Answer 5

The process that converts solar energy (photons) to chemical energy within chloroplasts

Question 6

What organisms does photosynthesis occur in?

Answer 6

Plants, algae, certain other unicellular eukaryotes and some prokaryotes (cyanobacteria)

Question 7

Net reaction of photosynthesis

Answer 7

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2
Plants take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen
They get glucose, water, and energy

Question 8

Thylakoid membrane

Answer 8

Contains chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments

Question 9

Granna

Answer 9

Stacks of flattened sacs of thylakoid membrane

Question 10

Stroma

Answer 10

Semiliquid surrounding the thylakoid membranes

Question 11

Reaction center

Answer 11

1 or more chlorophyll a molecules
Passes excited electrons to a higher energy level
Light energized electron can be transferred to the primary acceptor, reducing it
The original electron is replaced by oxidizing a donor molecule

Question 12

Photosystem II (P680)

Answer 12

Can generate an oxidation potential high enough to oxidize water (split water)
Transfers these electrons transport chain

Question 13

Photosystem I (P700)

Answer 13

Accepts electrons from electron transport chain
Electrons absorb more light energy
Transfers electrons to NADP+ (forms NADPH)

Question 14

Carbon fixation

Answer 14

Calvin cycle, Calvin-Benson cycle, C3 photosynthesis
To build carbs, cells use:
-Energy (ATP from light dependent reactions)
-Reduction potential (NADPH from photosystem I)

Question 15

Carbon fixation (reaction)

Answer 15

6 carbon (1 RuBP + 1 CO2) produces 2 PGA molecules (3-carbon)
Reactions are catalyzed by Rubisco
CO2 is being fixed into a bigger group of molecules

Question 16

Cellular respiration

Answer 16

Aerobic (oxygen)
or anaerobic (no oxygen)

Question 17

Where are ATP syntheses located in plant cells?

Answer 17

Thylakoid membrane

Question 18

Light dependent reactions

Answer 18

Capturing energy from sunlight
Using this energy to make ATP and reduce NADH+ to NADPH

Question 19

Light independent reactions

Answer 19

Using ATP and NADPH to power the synthesis of organic molecules from CO2 in the air (carbon fixation)