Bio Chapter 13

Question 1

Endocrine gland

Answer 1

Secrete CHEMICAL MESSENGERS (hormones) directly into the
•bloodstream
-transports the hormones throughout the body.

Question 2

Hormone

Answer 2

CHEMICAL MESSENGERS
•interaction with T cells sets in motion specific regulatory responses.
Ex) pancreas … insulin

Question 3

Endocrine system

Answer 3

Endocrine glands and the hormones that they secrete make up the endocrine system.
•longer and slower acting affects: affects broader cell ranges

Question 4

Rooster example

Answer 4

Testis removed- became differently adapted (no mating desire, growth/plumage changed, did not crow)
•placed back in- returned to normal rooster
•testosterone discovered

Question 5

Target cells

Answer 5

Target cells have receptor proteins
•hormones bind to the receptor protein (lock and key)
•target cell receives and responds to the chemical messages.

Question 6

Steroid/Lipid

Answer 6

Easily diffuses through cell membrane
•binds to receptor protein inside the cell (target cell)
•changes occur inside the cell

Question 7

Protein/H20 soluble

Answer 7

• not able to diffuse across membrane
• binds to the receptor protein on the surface of the target cell
• causes a cascade effect

Question 8

Negative feedback mechanisms

Answer 8

Many hormones are regulated here (or negative loops)

•endocrine releases hormone when a certain blood concentration is reached (inhibited)

Question 9

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 9

Regulate water reabsorption by KIDNEYS
•also aldosterone
•blood plasma too concentrated = releases ADH
•MORE WATET ABSORBED = BODY SECRETES LESS

Question 10

Tropic hormones

Answer 10

Many release from the BRAIN
•inhibiting and releasing hormones
-anterior pituitary hormone regulation

**TARGET other endocrine glands and release other hormones

Question 11

Major Glands

Answer 11

Pituitary gland (anterior/posterior)
•hypothalamus
•thyroid
•parathyroid 
•adrenal (Cortex&medulla)
•pancreas

Question 12

Pituitary Gland

Answer 12

Small pea size (has two lobes)
•endocrine gland
•repressed hormones involved in METABOLISM, growth, development, reproduction and life functions
•several tropic hormones 
-hypothalamus controls it

Question 13

Posterior pituitary

Answer 13

Part of the NS
•doesn’t make hormones (hypothalamus makes it)
•just stores and releases
•HORMONÉS like oxytocin and ADH

Question 14

Anterior pituitary

Answer 14

A true hormone-synthesizing gland
•6 major hormones involved
-hGH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH