Bio Ch. 2 test Flashcards
What is an autotroph?
organism that makes its own food. Uses solar energy to make carbohydrates (chemical energy) by performing photosynthesis
What is a heterotroph
organism that gets food by consuming other organisms. Uses stored chemical energy from autotrophs by performing cellular respiration. Also known as consumers
What is photosynthesis
process in which cells use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make oxygen and glucose, an energy-storing sugar.( what photosynthesis produces; cellular respiration uses)
what is chemosynthesis
process of breaking down and using the energy in chemical compounds to make food. Use chemical energy to build carbohydrates.
What is cellular respiration
a biochemical process in which cells break down glucose and oxygen to make carbon dioxide, water, and ATP for energy. A small chemial reaction that converts stored energy into ATP, NADH, or FADH2
What is a producer
type of organism that uses light energy or chemical energy to make food for itself and other organisms. Plants, algae, and some bacteria
What is a consumer
Organism that gets energy by eating other organisms; include all animals and fungi and many protists and bacteria. heterotrophs are also known as consumers
What are the products of photosynthesis
glucose and oxygen
What are the reactants of photosynthesis
light energy, carbon dioxide, and water
What is the process of photosynthesis
capture light energy from the sun and absorb carbon dioxide and water from their environment. Using the light energy, they combine the reactants to produce glucose and oxygen, which is a waste product. They store the glucose, usually as starch, and they release the oxygen into the atmosphere.
What organelle is involved in photosynthesis
chloroplasts
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the products of cellular respiration
ATP, carbon dioxide, and water
What are the reactants of cellular respiration
glucose and oxygen
Detail of the process for cellular respiration
Cellular respiration actually “burns” glucose for energy. However, it doesn’t produce light or intense heat as some other types of burning do. This is because it releases the energy in glucose slowly, in many small steps. It uses the energy that is released to form molecules of ATP. Cellular respiration involves many chemical reactions
Detail of the stages for cellular respiration
Three Stages;
Glycolysis- does not require oxygen, uses 2 ATP to split the glucose into 2 pyruvate while also releasing a net gain of 2 more ATP
Krebs Cycle- each of the 3 carbons remaining in the pyruvate are released as CO2 also releasing 2 more ATP
Electron transport chain- needs oxygen, uses NADHs and FADH2s from previous stages to power proteins to produce a net gain of 34 ATP
Specific location for each stage of cellular respiration
happens in the cytoplasm, the matrix of the mitochondria and outer membrane
Glycolysis: in cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle: in mitochondrial matrix
Electron Transport: on the inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6+6O2 -> 6CO2+6H2O
True of false: Uncaptured energy is lost as heat
True
Know how to label the pictures for glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport
What type of cells use CR and or photosynthesis
plant cells and cells without mitochondria
Eukaryotes can do both
Prokaryotes can only do photosynthesis
What is fermentation
making ATP without oxygen,
What is anaerobic respiration
Without Oxygen; used by plants, fungi, and many bacteria along with microorganisms. People use these to make yogurt, bread, wine, and biofuels. Human muscle cells use fermentation.
