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Biologie > BIO 9-10 > Flashcards

BIO 9-10 Flashcards

1
Q

The result of mitosis is ___________ (4 words)

A

Two identical daughter cells

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2
Q

Bacteria divide by ___________

A

Binary fission

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3
Q

Bacterial DNA is packaged in a single ___________ (2 words) found in the ___________

A

Bacterial chromosome, nucleoid

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4
Q

This forms when bacterial cells divide in two

A

Septum

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5
Q

All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s ____________ (1 word)

A

Genome

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6
Q

The nucleolus contains dark material called ___________ (1 word)

A

Chromatin

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7
Q

Condensed form of chromatin, form before a cell divides

A

Chromosomes

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8
Q

Array of chromosomes an individual processes

A

Karyotype

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9
Q

Complete set of chromosomes necessary to define an organism

A

Haploid

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10
Q

Set of chromosomes which reflects the equal contribution of each parent

A

Diploid

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11
Q

Maternal and paternal sets of chromosomes are called ___________ (2 words)

A

Homologous chromosomes

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12
Q

Copies of chromosomes; each chromosome is made up of one before DNA replication and two after DNA replication.

A

Chromatids

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13
Q

Two copies of a chromosome which are identical and bonded together

A

Sister chromatids

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14
Q

Two sister chromatids are attached by the ___________

A

Centromere

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15
Q

On the outer portion of the chromatid there is the ___________, which is the site for microtubule attachment

A

Kinetochore

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16
Q

Time between cell division, 90% of cell cycle

A

Interphase

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17
Q

In this step of the cell cycle, the cell grows and new organelles are synthesized extensively (8-10 hours)

A

G1 Phase

18
Q

Synthesis of DNA and DNA replication occur in this phase of the cell cycle (6-8 hours)

A

S Phase

19
Q

Cell growth continues in this phase of the cell cycle, microtubules assemble, last-minute adjustments are made (4-6 hours)

A

G2 Phase

20
Q

This phase involved nuclear division and is separated into 4 phases

A

Mitotic Phase

21
Q

Exit from the cell cycle, occurs in non-dividing cells e.g. heart cells, brain cells, etc.

A

G0 Phase

22
Q

First step in mitosis, each chromosome appears as two sister chromatids, nuclear envelope breaks down

A

Prophase

23
Q

Second step in mitosis, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, mitotic spindle remains attached to centromeres (kinetochore) on chromatids

A

Metaphase

24
Q

Third step in mitosis, centromeres break and chromatids separate

A

Anaphase

25
Q

Fourth step in mitosis, nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids, nucleolus reappears, Golgi complex and ER reform, etc.

A

Telophase

26
Q

The cleavage of the cell into equal halves

A

Cytokinesis

27
Q

Constriction of actin filaments produces a ___________ (2 words) in animal cells

A

Cleavage furrow

28
Q

Plasma membrane forms a ___________ (2 words) between the nuclei in plant cells

A

Cell plate

29
Q

Body cells

A

Somatic cells

30
Q

Male or female reproductive cells

A

Gamete

31
Q

The reduction in the number of pairs of chromosomes from 2 pairs to 1 pair n gametes is accomplished by this process, creates genetic variability in the population

A

Meiosis

32
Q

Sexual reproduction includes the fusion of gametes (fertilization) to produce a ___________ (2 words)

A

Diploid zygote

33
Q

Meiosis includes the copying of chromosomes in the S phase, however it has two successive sets of ___________ (2 words)

A

Cell division

34
Q

This phase is only found in meiosis and results in two daughter cells, replaces interphase between cell divisions

A

Interkinesis

35
Q

In Meiosis I, genetic recombination, or ___________ (2 words), occurs

A

Crossing over

36
Q

In Meiosis I - Prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up in ___________ (1 word) to form ___________ (1 word)

A

Synapsis, tetrads

37
Q

The site of crossing over (Prophase I)

A

Chiasmata

38
Q

In Metaphase I (Meiosis), microtubules from apposite poles attach to ___________ of each ___________

A

Kinetochore, homologue

39
Q

Occurs when a pair of homologous fails to separate during Meiosis I or Meiosis II

A

Nondisjunction

40
Q

Diploid cell, plus or minus a given number of chromosomes

A

Aneuploidies

Biologie (9 decks)

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