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Biologie > BIO 11-15 > Flashcards

BIO 11-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate

A

True-breeding

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2
Q

Cross that follows only 2 variations of a single trait

A

Monohybrid cross

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3
Q

A predictable and specific location for a gene on a chromosome

A

Gene locus

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4
Q

Who was the first to study quantitatively inheritance?

A

Gregor Mendel

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5
Q

The result of Meiosis is: (number daughter cells and of chromosome sets)

A

4 daughter cells with 1 set of chromosome each

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6
Q

Name the 6 cases when Mendel’s laws cannot be observed.

A

Polygenic inheritance, Pleiotropy, Epistasis, Dominance is not always complete, Multiple alleles for one gene, Environmental factor

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7
Q

The determination of a characteristic by alleles of two or more genes is called:

A

Polygenic inheritance

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8
Q

How is eye color inherited (type of inheritance)?

A

polygenic inheritance

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9
Q

How do we call the fact that an allele that has more than one effect on the phenotype?

A

pleiotropy

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10
Q

How do we call the interference of a gene with the expression of another gene?

A

Epistasis

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11
Q

What kind of dominance do snapdragons exhibit?

A

incomplete dominance

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12
Q

When there is more than one allele and the heterozygote shows some aspect of the phenotypes of both homozygotes.

A

Multiple alleles codominance

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13
Q

How do we call chromosome pairs that are not sex chromosomes?

A

autosomes

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14
Q

What sex chromosomes does a male bird have?

A

ZZ

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15
Q

What sex chromosomes does a female bird have?

A

ZW

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16
Q

The inactive X chromosome in each cell of a female condenses into a compact object called….

A

the Barr body

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17
Q

If a female is heterozygous for a particular gene located on the X chromosome, she will be a … for that characteristic.

A

mosaic (half her cells will express one allele and the other half will express the other)

18
Q

Can you ever accept your alternate hypothesis?

A

NOOOO (Never ever ever)

19
Q

The larger the X squared, the more … is the fit.

A

imprecise

20
Q

The first solid evidence associating a specific gene with a specific chromosome came from …. an embryologist who studied …

A

Tomas Morgan, fruit flies (drosophila melanogaster)

21
Q

What are some advantages of fruit flies (why are they the ideal species for geneticists)?

A

Small size, ease of care, susceptibility to mutations, large size of chromosomes and small number of chromosomes, short generation time

22
Q

What did Morgan show?

A

That the white-eye mutant allele of fruit flies was located on the X chromosome

23
Q

How is hemophilia inherited?

A

Sex-linked

24
Q

How is baldness inherited?

A

Sex-linked

25
Q

How is colorblindness inherited?

A

Sex-linked

26
Q

If a bird could be bald, which gender would be more affected?

A

females

27
Q

How is called a female with 3 X chromosomes?

A

a triple X female

28
Q

How is called the syndrome where a male has two X chromosomes and a Y?

A

Klinefelter

29
Q

How is called the syndrome where a woman has a karyorype XO?

A

Turner syndrome

30
Q

How are called XYY males?

A

Jacob syndrome

31
Q

In a pedigree analysis, males are identified by …

A

squares

32
Q

In a pedigree analysis, females are identified by …

A

circles

33
Q

Is Huntington’s disease a dominant or a recessive allele disorder?

A

dominant

34
Q

Is albinism a dominant or a recessive allele disorder?

A

recessive

35
Q

Is polydactily a dominant or a recessive allele disorder?

A

dominant

36
Q

Is cystic fibrosis a dominant or a recessive allele disorder?

A

recessive

37
Q

Is hypercholesterolemia a dominant or a recessive allele disorder?

A

dominant

38
Q

Is sickle cell anemia a dominant or a recessive allele disorder?

A

recessive

39
Q

Is phenylketonuria a dominant or a recessive allele disorder?

A

recessive

40
Q

What are the two ways one can investigate a fetus’ chromosomes?

A

Amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling

Biologie (9 decks)

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