Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biologie > BIO 1-5 > Flashcards

BIO 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms of a same species living in a same area

A

Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organisms of a different species living in a same area

A

Community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

New properties present in an organism which were not present in a previous generation

A

Emergent properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____________ are 1000 times smaller than bacteria and are not cells

A

Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Viruses are made up of atoms and molecules - this demonstrates, in a way, ________________ (characteristic of a living thing).

A

Ordered complexity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

With a _________, a virus can evolve.

A

Host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

These Archaea obtain their energy by using hydrogen gas to reduce carbon dioxide to methane gas.

A

Methanogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

These Archaea grow under extreme conditions (pH, pressure and temperature).

A

Extremophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

These Archaea grow in similar environments as bacteria.

A

Nonextreme archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is how species from the domain Eukarya reproduce.

A

Sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Those are the 4 kingdoms in the domain Eukarya, in alphabetical order.

A

Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, Protista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Animal-like protists, heterotrophs

A

Phagotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plant-like protists, autotrophs

A

Phototrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fungus-like protists, digest food outside their bodies

A

Osmotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Invented the Hierarchal System of Classification

A

Carl Linnaeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Steps of scientific method, in order.

A

Observation, ask question, develop hypothesis, test hypothesis, make prediction, conclusion, peer-review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This is when several same trials are made for better results.

A

Replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The fact that others can repeat your experiment and get similar results is called

A

Repeatability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The 3 P’s

A

Problem Posing, Problem Solving, Peer Persuasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This is the species Darwin observed

A

Finches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Review Darwin’s theory and his observations (Lecture 3)

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

_________________ structures have same evolutionary origins, but different structure and function.

A

Homologous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_________________ structures have similar structure and function, but different evolutionary origins

A

Analogous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This type of diagram allows for study of an evolutionary history of an organism based on its genes.

A

Phylogenetic tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

First Principle of the Cell Theory

A

All living things are composed of one or more cells, and the life processes of metabolism and heredity occur within these cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Second Principle of the Cell Theory

A

Cells are the basic unit of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Third Principle of the Cell Theory

A

Cells arise only by division of previously existing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Size of bacteria cells (micrometers)

A

1 to 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Size of animal cells (micrometers)

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Size of plant cells (micrometers)

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

This type of microscope passes visible light through a specimen and then through magnifying glass lenses to magnify the specimen; cannot resolve detail finer than 200nm; can be used for live specimens

A

Light microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

This type of microscope focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen onto its surface; reveal many organelles and subcellular structures; can resolve structures and subcellular features; cannot be used with live specimens

A

Electron microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

This type of electron microscope gives a 2D image of a thin slice of the observed specimen

A

Transmission Electron Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

This type of electron microscope produces a 3D image of the surface of a specimen through the use of lights rays which bounce off the specimen

A

Scanning Electron Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

List the three major characteristics of all cells

A

All cells have: a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The cytoplasm consists of those two things

A

Organelles, cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

This is the main mode of locomotion of some prokaryotes

A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Bacterial cell shape: spherical

A

Coccus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Bacterial cell shape: rod

A

Bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Bacterial cell shape: spiral (less common)

A

Spirillum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Aggregation of bacterial cells: pairs

A

Diplo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Aggregation of bacterial cells: chains

A

Strepto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Aggregation of bacterial cells: clusters

A

Staphylo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Flexible outer surface of cells, composed of a phospholipid bilayer, has selective permeability

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Gel like fluid made up of 75% water, 25% protein

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The nucleus contains those four elements: ______, _________ (synthesis of ribosomes), ____________ (liquid where DNA is found), _________ (membrane with pores)

A

DNA, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

This part of the cell directs the synthesis of RNA

A

Nucleolus

48
Q

This organelle consists of a complex of double membranes which is highly folded and interconnected

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

49
Q

This part of an organelle is composed of flattened sacs with ribosomes

A

Rough ER

50
Q

This part of an organelle looks like a network of tubes; it has no bumps

A

Smooth ER

51
Q

Site of protein synthesis in the cell

A

Ribosome

52
Q

The ribosomes are composed of two ____________: the large and the small

A

Subunits

53
Q

This type of RNA carries the message from the DNA to the joining ribosome subunits

A

mRNA (messenger RNA)

54
Q

This type of RNA carries amino acids that make the proteins

A

tRNA (transfer RNA)

55
Q

Contains the ribosomes, produces proteins destined to be exported, manufactures membranes

A

Rough ER

56
Q

Builds complex carbohydrates and lipids for internal use, makes steroid hormones, majority of membrane lipids are assembled there, detoxification of drugs

A

Smooth ER

57
Q

Bubble which forms on ER membrane, detaches from ER and drifts though cytoplasm to Golgi

A

Vescicle

58
Q

Consists of a series of flattened, stacked membranes; has a front and a back with different membrane compositions: the front (receiving end near ER) is called the Cis face, the back (discharging end) called the trans face; its function is to collect, package and distribute molecules

A

Golgi Apparatus

59
Q

Small round vesicle produced by the Golgi Apparatus; contain hydrolytic enzymes; very low pH; breakdown old organelles, digest particles, recycle material within the cell (the garbage man of the cell)

A

Lysosomes

60
Q

Smaller round vesicle; contain hydrogen peroxidases; breakdown amino acids and fatty acids

A

Peroxisomes

61
Q

What is a group of the same species living in the same place?

A

a population

62
Q

How is called the process through which bacteria divide?

A

binary fission

63
Q

What is the more extended form of DNA, comprising DNA and proteins?

A

Chromatin

64
Q

Which long protein fibers are responsible for contraction?

A

Actin filaments

65
Q

Number of chromosomes found in gametes

A

Haploid

66
Q

Broadest unit of classification of living things

A

Domain

67
Q

Simple cell with no defined nucleus

A

prokaryote

68
Q

stacked, flattened membranes used to collect, package and distribute molecules

A

Golgi apparatus

69
Q

Storage of extra glucose in humans (polymer)

A

glycogen

70
Q

Structures that have the same evolutionary origin, but different functions

A

homologous structures

71
Q

Which organelle of the plant carries on photosynthesis?

A

chloroplast

72
Q

Organelle where respiration occurs, it makes ATP used for cellular energy.

A

Mithocondria

73
Q

Which barrel shaped organelles organize the microtubules in mitotic spindle during cell division?

A

centrioles

74
Q

Region near the nucleus containing the centrioles.

A

centrosome

75
Q

Which organelle is responsible for drug detoxification?

A

Smooth ER

76
Q

Which organelle produces enzymes that make lipids and carbohydrates?

A

Smooth ER

77
Q

Which organelle is home to the ribosomes?

A

Rough ER

78
Q

Formed in the golgi apparatus, they contain digestive enzymes and digest worn out organelles and cell debris.

A

Lysosomes

79
Q

What is the usual distribution pattern of plants?

A

Uniform

80
Q

What are the four types of macromolecules?

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

81
Q

What kind of sugar is a triose and what does the tri- stand for?

A

Monosaccharide, tri = 3 carbons

82
Q

Which disaccharide is made of two glucose?

A

maltose

83
Q

Which disaccharide is made of a glucose and a fructose?

A

sucrose

84
Q

Which disaccharide is made of a glucose and a galactose?

A

lactose

85
Q

What is the name of the cleavage of a cell into equal halves?

A

Cytokinesis

86
Q

Name the 4 types of lipids.

A

Neutral fats, phospholopids, steroids, terpenes

87
Q

Are fatty acids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

hydrophobic

88
Q

Which nucleic acid is unique to ARN?

A

Uracil

89
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

90
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of living things?

A

Cellular OrganizationOrdered ComplexitySensitivityGrowth, Development and ReproductionEnergy UtilizationHomeostasisEvolutionary Adaptation

91
Q

What is the capacity of maintaining relatively constant internal conditions?

A

Homeostasis

92
Q

What are the main three levels of the hierarchal organization?

A

Cellular, Organismal and Population Levels

93
Q

Name from the smallest to the biggest all the components of the cellular level.

A

Atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells

94
Q

Name from the smallest to the biggest all the components of the organismal level.

A

Tissue, organs, organ systems, organism

95
Q

Name from the smallest to the biggest all the components of the population level.

A

Population, species, community, physical ecosystem, biosphere

96
Q

How are called properties present at one level that are not seen in the previous level?

A

Emergent properties

97
Q

What is the branch of biology the names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth?

A

Taxonomy

98
Q

From the smallest to the biggest, what are the units of classification of life?

A

Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain

99
Q

What are the three major domains?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

100
Q

What make the cell walls of Bacteria special?

A

Peptidoglycan

101
Q

What are the three types of Archea?

A

Extremophiles, Non exteme archaea and Methanogens

102
Q

Can you find methanogens on your skin? Why or why not?

A

No, because they would die. They are poisoned by oxygen (strict anaerobes).

103
Q

How do you call an archea that lives in very salty environment? Hint: Don’t forget your greek roots!

A

Halophile

104
Q

What are the three characteristic that distinguish eukaryotes from all prokaryotes?

A

Compartmentalization, Multicellularity and Sexual Reproduction

105
Q

What are the 4 Eukarya kingdoms?

A

Animalia, Fungi, Platae, Protista

106
Q

What are the three types of protists?

A

Phagotrophs, Phototrophs and Osmotrophs

107
Q

What is a pseudopod?

A

It’s an arm-like projection in Amebas

108
Q

What is the pompous name for a classification level?

A

Taxon

109
Q

How do you call a key with only two possibilities at one time?

A

Dichotomous Key

110
Q

Name two functions of the vacuoles in Amebae.

A

Hold food and pump water in order to move

111
Q

Name the 7 steps of the scientific methods in order!

A

ObservationsAsk questionsDevelop hypothesisTest hypothesisMake predictionsConclusion Peer review

112
Q

What is the name of the belief that organic molecules held an inherent property that could lead to create life out of nothing?

A

Spontaneous generation

113
Q

What was the competing hypothesis of Spontaneous Generation?

A

The Germ Hypothesis

114
Q

What are the 3 P’s?Hint: They are not linked to the 3 R’s :)

A

Problem Posing Problem Solving Peer Persuasion

115
Q

What are the !@#$%^& birds studied by Charles Darwin?

A

Finches

116
Q

What are the three principles of the Cell Theory?

A

Cells are the basic units of lifeAll living things are composed of one or more cellsCells arise of previously existing cells

117
Q

Give the size of a typical bacteria cell, an animal cell and a plant cell?

A

Bacteria 1 to 5 umAnimal 50 umPlant 100 um

Biologie (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions