Bio 30 Unit 5 Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

gonad

A

a gland that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism. (testes/ovaries)

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2
Q

scrotum

A

pouch of skin which testes descend into.

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3
Q

vas deferens

A

a tube that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra.

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4
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

propels movement of semen (sperm and fluids) into the urethra.

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5
Q

the urethra cannot…

A

conduct both urine and semen at the same time

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6
Q

erection

A

erectile tissue within the penis fills with blood.
parasympathetic

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7
Q

ejaculation

A

the expelling of semen.
sympathetic

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8
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

twisting tubes inside the testes. Responsible for spermatogenesis (formation of sperm cells).

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9
Q

epididymis

A

compact, coiled tube attached to the outer edge of the testes where sperm mature

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10
Q

interstitial cells

A

they lie in between the seminiferous tubules; produce testosterone.

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11
Q

sertoli cells

A

nourishes developing sperm cells until maturity; provides a barrier between blood and seminiferous tubules.

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12
Q

sperm cell

A

very streamlined, containing only a small amount of cytoplasm.

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13
Q

acrosome

A

caps the head of the sperm cell. It is filled with enzymes that dissolve the outer coating surrounding the egg, for the sperm cell to penetrate the egg.

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14
Q

seminal vesicles

A

releases fructose, which provides a source of energy for the sperm cell. Also releases prostaglandins, which act as a chemical signal in the female system, triggering the contraction of smooth muscle along the reproductive tract, assisting the movement of sperm cells towards the egg.

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15
Q

prostate gland

A

secretes an alkaline buffer that protects sperm cells from the acidic environment of the vagina.

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16
Q

cowpers gland

A

secrete mucus-rich fluids prior to ejaculation that protect sperm cells from acids in the urethra associated with the passage of urine. Also assists sperm movement.

17
Q

inhibin

A

produced at the same time as sperm. for negative feedback.

18
Q

myometrium

A

the outer muscular lining of the uterus; provides support for embryo

19
Q

endometrium

A

the inner glandular lining of the uterus; provides nourishment for embryo
This lining is shed if pregnancy does not occur; and the start of menstruation.

20
Q

fimbria

A

open wide ends of the oviduct

21
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

fertilized egg implants in fallopian tube.

22
Q

cervix

A

a muscular band that separates the vagina from the uterus and holds the fetus in place.

23
Q

progesterone

A

stimulates the endometrium and prepares the uterus for an embryo
Prevents further ovulation and uterine contractions.
Firms the cervix to prevent the expulsion of the fetus.

24
Q

cleavage

A

zygote undergoes many divisions and becomes a morula.

25
Q

morula

A

a solid ball of cells.

26
Q

blastocyst

A

hollow ball

27
Q

implantation

A

the blastocyst implants into the wall of the endometrium (10-14 days after ovulation)

28
Q

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropic hormone):

A

maintains the corpus luteum for the first 3 months of pregnancy; prevents spontaneous abortion.

29
Q

pregnancy tests test for…

A

hCG in the urine

30
Q

yolk sac

A

forms by 2nd week of pregnancy below embryo. The site of early RBC formation; contributes to the primitive digestive tract.

31
Q

placenta

A

formed by the combining of cells from embryo and endometrium. Materials are exchanged between the mother and the developing embryo.

32
Q

at the 4th month, the placenta produces…

A

estrogen and progesterone

33
Q

umbilical cord

A

forms near the 8th week, when the yolk sac shrinks

34
Q

morphogenesis

A

development of an organisms

35
Q

gastrulation

A

process by which 2 layered structure develops into a 3-layered gastrula
ectoderm (out), mesoderm (mid), endoderm (in)

36
Q

parturition

A

birth

37
Q

relaxin

A

hormone produced by placenta prior to labour; causes ligaments within pelvis to loosen

38
Q

colostrum

A

fluid that resembles breast milk). Contains milk sugar and milk proteins, but lacks the milk fats found in breast milk.