Bio 30 Unit 5 Final Review

Question 1

gonad

Answer 1

a gland that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism. (testes/ovaries)

Question 2

scrotum

Answer 2

pouch of skin which testes descend into.

Question 3

vas deferens

Answer 3

a tube that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra.

Question 4

ejaculatory duct

Answer 4

propels movement of semen (sperm and fluids) into the urethra.

Question 5

the urethra cannot…

Answer 5

conduct both urine and semen at the same time

Question 6

erection

Answer 6

erectile tissue within the penis fills with blood.
parasympathetic

Question 7

ejaculation

Answer 7

the expelling of semen.
sympathetic

Question 8

seminiferous tubules

Answer 8

twisting tubes inside the testes. Responsible for spermatogenesis (formation of sperm cells).

Question 9

epididymis

Answer 9

compact, coiled tube attached to the outer edge of the testes where sperm mature

Question 10

interstitial cells

Answer 10

they lie in between the seminiferous tubules; produce testosterone.

Question 11

sertoli cells

Answer 11

nourishes developing sperm cells until maturity; provides a barrier between blood and seminiferous tubules.

Question 12

sperm cell

Answer 12

very streamlined, containing only a small amount of cytoplasm.

Question 13

acrosome

Answer 13

caps the head of the sperm cell. It is filled with enzymes that dissolve the outer coating surrounding the egg, for the sperm cell to penetrate the egg.

Question 14

seminal vesicles

Answer 14

releases fructose, which provides a source of energy for the sperm cell. Also releases prostaglandins, which act as a chemical signal in the female system, triggering the contraction of smooth muscle along the reproductive tract, assisting the movement of sperm cells towards the egg.

Question 15

prostate gland

Answer 15

secretes an alkaline buffer that protects sperm cells from the acidic environment of the vagina.

Question 16

cowpers gland

Answer 16

secrete mucus-rich fluids prior to ejaculation that protect sperm cells from acids in the urethra associated with the passage of urine. Also assists sperm movement.

Question 17

inhibin

Answer 17

produced at the same time as sperm. for negative feedback.

Question 18

myometrium

Answer 18

the outer muscular lining of the uterus; provides support for embryo

Question 19

endometrium

Answer 19

the inner glandular lining of the uterus; provides nourishment for embryo
This lining is shed if pregnancy does not occur; and the start of menstruation.

Question 20

fimbria

Answer 20

open wide ends of the oviduct

Question 21

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 21

fertilized egg implants in fallopian tube.

Question 22

cervix

Answer 22

a muscular band that separates the vagina from the uterus and holds the fetus in place.

Question 23

progesterone

Answer 23

stimulates the endometrium and prepares the uterus for an embryo
Prevents further ovulation and uterine contractions.
Firms the cervix to prevent the expulsion of the fetus.

Question 24

cleavage

Answer 24

zygote undergoes many divisions and becomes a morula.

Question 25

morula

Answer 25

a solid ball of cells.

Question 26

blastocyst

Answer 26

hollow ball

Question 27

implantation

Answer 27

the blastocyst implants into the wall of the endometrium (10-14 days after ovulation)

Question 28

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropic hormone):

Answer 28

maintains the corpus luteum for the first 3 months of pregnancy; prevents spontaneous abortion.

Question 29

pregnancy tests test for…

Answer 29

hCG in the urine

Question 30

yolk sac

Answer 30

forms by 2nd week of pregnancy below embryo. The site of early RBC formation; contributes to the primitive digestive tract.

Question 31

placenta

Answer 31

formed by the combining of cells from embryo and endometrium. Materials are exchanged between the mother and the developing embryo.

Question 32

at the 4th month, the placenta produces…

Answer 32

estrogen and progesterone

Question 33

umbilical cord

Answer 33

forms near the 8th week, when the yolk sac shrinks

Question 34

morphogenesis

Answer 34

development of an organisms

Question 35

gastrulation

Answer 35

process by which 2 layered structure develops into a 3-layered gastrula
ectoderm (out), mesoderm (mid), endoderm (in)

Question 36

parturition

Answer 36

birth

Question 37

relaxin

Answer 37

hormone produced by placenta prior to labour; causes ligaments within pelvis to loosen

Question 38

colostrum

Answer 38

fluid that resembles breast milk). Contains milk sugar and milk proteins, but lacks the milk fats found in breast milk.