bio 2 lab test 2 Flashcards
nervous tissue is made of
neurons and Bilal cells (neruoglia)
primary brain vesicles
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
forebrain
cerebrum (mostly cortex + white matter)
Diencephalon (calamus + hypothalamus)
midbrain
brain stem (pons) cerebellum brain stem (medulla oblongata
gyri
elevated ridges
major anatomical landmarks
sulci
grooves seperating gyro
landmarks
fisures
deep sulcus
landmarcs
longitudinal fissure
deep fissure separating right and left cerebral hemispheres
central sulcus
divide from and parietal lon
lateral sulcus
divides temporal love and parietal lobe
frontal lobe
anterior portion of cerebral hemisphere
(controls muscles movements, speech (on left, Broca)) personality, intellect, complex learning, reasoning, abstract idea making)
parietal lobe
between from and occipital lobe
- Somatic sensation
- General interpretation areas
- Language (left side; Wernicke’s area)
temporal lobe
lateral sides of cerebral cortex
- General interpretation areas
- Hearing
occipital lobe
back of cerebral hemisphere (vision)
Primary somatosensory cortex
In postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe Receives impulses from body’s sensory receptors (eg, pressure, pain, temperature)`
primary motor area
In precentral gyrus of frontal lobe Conscious or voluntary movement of skeletal muscles`
somatosensory association area
Immediately posterior to primary somatosensory area Interpretation of sensory impulses
wernickes area
Left hemisphere at the junction between parietal and temporal lobes Language area: interpretation of speech by recognizing spoken words
brocas area
Left side of frontal lobe in most people Motor speech area
auditory areas
Temporal lobes at the junction with the parietal lobes Auditory sensory and interpretation areas
vision areas
Occipital lobe Visual sensory and interpretation areas
brain stem
a) midbrain: relay motor output from cerebrum to pons, medulla oblongata, spinal cord. relates sensory input from spinal cord to thalamus
coordinated movements of eyes, head, neck to auditory and visual stimuli
b)pons:
- Relays information from different brain areas to the cerebellum
- Together with the medulla oblongata, helps control breathing
D)medulla oblongata:
- Relays motor and sensory information between spinal cord and different brain areas
- Controls of consciousness and arousal
- Regulates breathing, cardiac functions, and blood vessel diameters
outer vs deeper area
outer: grey
inner: white.
what do sheep have smaller
fronttal lobe
olfactory bulb sheep vs human
sheep is bigger
better smell
mamillary body in human vs sheep
bigger in sheep
Bacteria lab protocol
a) 250 microL of transformation solution into 2 microcentrofuge tubes (creates channels in cell wall and plasma membrane of bacteria so DNA can go in) they are competent cells when treated
2) put on ice and put 2-4 big coli colonies into tubes using a sterile loop and mix
3) add 0.8 x 10-1 μg/μL pGLO plasmid into one tube (using loop/10micro litter)
4) ice for 10 mins
5) put into 42 degree water bath for 50 sec then on ice for 2 mins
6) add 25μL of LB to both tubes then put at room temp 10 mins
7) put 100μL of solution on each labeled plate (+/- LB amp and +/-LB amp ara) spread using loops
8) stack and tape together upside down in 37 degrees for the night
bacterial transformation
adding a gene into an organism to change the trait
Bacterial transformation efficiency equation
nbr of colonies on +lb/amp/ara under uv light/
amount of dna on +lb/amp/ara plate
amount of dna on +lb/amp/ara plate calculation
=volume of DNA put on/total sample volume
=100(PGLO) / 510 (PGLO+LB+transformation solu)
IGg
IGa
IGm
iGA+m are right whille you have covid
IGg after having covid
pcr protocol
1) swab cheek, put in saline, put some in micro tube
2) centrifuge 2 mins
3) take out supernant and resuspend pellet
4) put pellet into screw cap with 200microL of instagene
5) heat for 5 mins shake 5 mins at 56
6) shake then put in 100 for 5 mins
7) put some supernant into pcr tube with some of the master mix (yellow)
8) put in thermal cycler for 4 rounds, 3hrs, and then leave at -20
9) run electrophoresis
without vs with ALU
with ought: 641
with: 941
