Bio 2 lab test 1

Question 1

osmosis: where does water go

Answer 1

it goes to where it there is less water (higher concentration of solute)

Question 2

isoosmotic/isotonic

Answer 2

same [] on both sides

Question 3

plasmolysis/crenation

Answer 3

when in hypertonic (more water inside)->shrinks
plasmolysis = plants
crenation=red blood cells

Question 4

turgidity/hemolysis

Answer 4

hypotonic (more water inside) -> swells
tugidity= plants, hemolysis = red blood cells
contractile vacuole in freshwater protist takes water out
cell walls can also help to not burst (plants)

Question 5

rate of osmosis vs solute concentration protocol

Answer 5

prepare dialysis bags and beaker solutions
weigh the bags after 15 minutes and you can see if the mass changes more rapidly when there is a big concentration difference

Question 6

what stat test to do on osmosis lab?

Answer 6

ANOVA bc there’s more than 2 factors (3 concentrations)

Question 7

catalase
hydroxyl amine (HONH2)

Answer 7

Enzyme with iron at active site->makes H2O2 into water and O2
HONH2 is inhibitor

Question 8

how to tell if its competitive or non competitive inhibition in lab?

Answer 8

add yeast (enzyme/catalase), H2O2 (varying its concentration for each run) and hydroxyl amine and water. Record oxygen released using a sensor

measure oxygen concentration at the start and 3 minutes later for each run and do the difference

plot a graph with the average of those differences for each concentration of H2O2, if its a flat line it is non competitive and if the more concentration of H2O2 makes the O2 concentration go up ins competitive

Question 9

stat tests for catalase lab?

Answer 9

ANOVA bc its 3 H2O2 concentration?

Question 10

fermentation?

Answer 10

cell respiration with no oxygen,
fermentation doesn’t do ETC
just does glycolysis
makes glucose into ethanol and co2

Question 11

how to do experiment finding effect of tmp/poison/ph/type of sugar on fermentation done by yeast

Answer 11

5mL yeast suspension
5mL sugar
10mL water or 5mL water+5mL poison
cap tube with parfait,, tip back to fill with solution leave no air bubbles
place in water bath (if doing temp: 1=0deg, 1=37deg, 1=60deg) for 30 mins
measure height with air and d of tube
V=pir^2h

Question 12

what stat test for fermentation lab?

Answer 12

if temp/Ph with 3 values: ANOVA

if poison with 2: T-test, paired, 1 tailed

Question 13

photosynthesis

Answer 13

uses suns free energy to make co2 and water into sugar and oxygen
absorbs colors with its pigments, green isn’t absorbed

Question 14

what pigments do plants have

Answer 14

chlorophyl a and b

carotenoids

Question 15

Lambert-Beer law

Answer 15

A=alpha*cw *d 
A=ECm
A=>abosorbance
alpha=>absorbance coefficient (l/g*cm) 
Ca=13.36 A6546 -5.19 A630
Cb=27.43 A653- 8.12 A646
C(x+c) = 1000A470 -....

Question 16

how to tell if leaf is healthy

Answer 16

if a+b / c+x is low its unhealthy

Question 17

photosynthesis protocol

Answer 17

mash up leaf with 95% ethanol
put in cuvette and test for 646, 630, 470
use Lambert beer law to find Ca Cb C(x+c)

Question 18

stats to use for photosynthesis lab

Answer 18

T test, unpaired, 2 tail

Question 19

protein concentration lab protocol

Answer 19

use standard BSA in different volumes and add 5mL of diluted dye reagent
(its blue when u add protein->anionic (dye bonds to protein)
Its red when its acidic->cationic
its green when its neutral)
incubate at room temp for 5 minutes
calibrate spectrometer (light one is using water+dye)
check all of them with spectrometer at 595nm
plot linear graph with protein Absorbancies of the known proteins and then see where the unknown one lands-> thats the protein concentration of it

Question 20

stat test for protein concentration lab

Answer 20

Unpaired 1 tail t test

Question 21

what makes up muscle

Answer 21

thin actin is aligned with thick myosin

sarcomere shortens when myosin hydrolyzes ATP to slide along ATP

Question 22

how does SDS electropheresis work

Answer 22

there’s a gel and an anode that emits a current
there’s an upper staking gel (4% acrylamide) and a lower resolving gel (15%)
stacking gel is where the sample sits so they all start at the same place
we use laemmli extraction buffer with blue dye (keeps track of movement of the protein cus they go to far and has - charge)

Question 23

SDS (protein profile ) protocol

Answer 23

add laemmli buffer to flip tops
cut a small piece of each fissh into flip tops, mix
leave at room temp (5mins)
transfer into Screw tops (not the fish)
heat for 5 mins at 95 deg (to denature)
cool
put 10microl into each well
set voltage to 200 V and let run for 30mins1

Question 24

stat test for SDS

Answer 24

ANOVA?