Bio 2 lab test 1 Flashcards
osmosis: where does water go
it goes to where it there is less water (higher concentration of solute)
isoosmotic/isotonic
same [] on both sides
plasmolysis/crenation
when in hypertonic (more water inside)->shrinks
plasmolysis = plants
crenation=red blood cells
turgidity/hemolysis
hypotonic (more water inside) -> swells
tugidity= plants, hemolysis = red blood cells
contractile vacuole in freshwater protist takes water out
cell walls can also help to not burst (plants)
rate of osmosis vs solute concentration protocol
prepare dialysis bags and beaker solutions
weigh the bags after 15 minutes and you can see if the mass changes more rapidly when there is a big concentration difference
what stat test to do on osmosis lab?
ANOVA bc there’s more than 2 factors (3 concentrations)
catalase hydroxyl amine (HONH2)
Enzyme with iron at active site->makes H2O2 into water and O2
HONH2 is inhibitor
how to tell if its competitive or non competitive inhibition in lab?
add yeast (enzyme/catalase), H2O2 (varying its concentration for each run) and hydroxyl amine and water. Record oxygen released using a sensor
measure oxygen concentration at the start and 3 minutes later for each run and do the difference
plot a graph with the average of those differences for each concentration of H2O2, if its a flat line it is non competitive and if the more concentration of H2O2 makes the O2 concentration go up ins competitive
stat tests for catalase lab?
ANOVA bc its 3 H2O2 concentration?
fermentation?
cell respiration with no oxygen,
fermentation doesn’t do ETC
just does glycolysis
makes glucose into ethanol and co2
how to do experiment finding effect of tmp/poison/ph/type of sugar on fermentation done by yeast
5mL yeast suspension
5mL sugar
10mL water or 5mL water+5mL poison
cap tube with parfait,, tip back to fill with solution leave no air bubbles
place in water bath (if doing temp: 1=0deg, 1=37deg, 1=60deg) for 30 mins
measure height with air and d of tube
V=pir^2h
what stat test for fermentation lab?
if temp/Ph with 3 values: ANOVA
if poison with 2: T-test, paired, 1 tailed
photosynthesis
uses suns free energy to make co2 and water into sugar and oxygen
absorbs colors with its pigments, green isn’t absorbed
what pigments do plants have
chlorophyl a and b
carotenoids
Lambert-Beer law
A=alpha*cw *d A=ECm A=>abosorbance alpha=>absorbance coefficient (l/g*cm) Ca=13.36 A6546 -5.19 A630 Cb=27.43 A653- 8.12 A646 C(x+c) = 1000A470 -....
how to tell if leaf is healthy
if a+b / c+x is low its unhealthy
photosynthesis protocol
mash up leaf with 95% ethanol
put in cuvette and test for 646, 630, 470
use Lambert beer law to find Ca Cb C(x+c)
stats to use for photosynthesis lab
T test, unpaired, 2 tail
protein concentration lab protocol
use standard BSA in different volumes and add 5mL of diluted dye reagent
(its blue when u add protein->anionic (dye bonds to protein)
Its red when its acidic->cationic
its green when its neutral)
incubate at room temp for 5 minutes
calibrate spectrometer (light one is using water+dye)
check all of them with spectrometer at 595nm
plot linear graph with protein Absorbancies of the known proteins and then see where the unknown one lands-> thats the protein concentration of it
stat test for protein concentration lab
Unpaired 1 tail t test
what makes up muscle
thin actin is aligned with thick myosin
sarcomere shortens when myosin hydrolyzes ATP to slide along ATP
how does SDS electropheresis work
there’s a gel and an anode that emits a current
there’s an upper staking gel (4% acrylamide) and a lower resolving gel (15%)
stacking gel is where the sample sits so they all start at the same place
we use laemmli extraction buffer with blue dye (keeps track of movement of the protein cus they go to far and has - charge)
SDS (protein profile ) protocol
add laemmli buffer to flip tops cut a small piece of each fissh into flip tops, mix leave at room temp (5mins) transfer into Screw tops (not the fish) heat for 5 mins at 95 deg (to denature) cool put 10microl into each well set voltage to 200 V and let run for 30mins1
stat test for SDS
ANOVA?
