Bill of Rights Flashcards by jessica zhang

What is the first amendment of the bill of rights?

Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition, and religion

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What are parts of freedom of religion?

Establishment clause and free exercise clause

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What does the establishment clause say?

Government can’t create an official religion

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What does the free exercise clause say?

People can practice any religion (no human sacrifice though)

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What is the second amendment of the Bill of Rights?

Right to keep and bear arms

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What is the third amendment of the Bill of Rights?

No quartering of soldiers during peacetime

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What is the fourth amendment of the Bill of Rights?

No unreasonable search and seizure

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What is the fifth amendment of the Bill of Rights?

Right to an indictment (formal charge) by a grand jury

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What is under the fifth amendment of the Bill of Rights?

Right against self incrimination and double jeopardy, can’t be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, and eminent domain

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What is eminent domain?

Government can take away properly for public use if they pay

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What is the sixth amendment of the Bill of Rights?

Right to a fair and speedy trial, impartial jury, and lawyer in criminal case

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What is the seventh amendment in the Bill of Rights?

Right to a jury in a civil case over $20

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What is the eighth amendment of the Bill of Rights?

Right against cruel and unusual punishment

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What is the ninth amendment of the Bill of Rights?

Other rights retained by the people

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What is the tenth amendment of the Bill of Rights?

Other rights reserved to the states

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How many chambers is Congress divided into?

2 chambers

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How does voting work in the Senate?

Each state gets two votes no matter the size

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How does voting in the House of Representatives work?

The more people a state has, the more votes it gets

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The constitution can be changed if…

3/4 of the states agree

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What is introducing a new amendment known as?

Proposing

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What is approving/passing an amendment known as?

Ratifying

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How many senators are in the U.S. Senate?

100

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How long is the term for members of the House of Representatives?

2 years

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Who makes bills that become laws?

Legislative branch

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Who carries out and enforced laws?

Executive branch

Who hears cases about laws and decides what they mean?

Judicial branch

What do Articles 1-3 of the Constitution cover?

Creating the three branches

What does Article 1 cover?

Legislative branch

What does Article 2 cover?

Executive branch

What does Article 3 cover?

Judicial branch

What does Article 4 of the Constitution cover?

How states should interact with one another

What are amendments?

Additions to the Constitution

What does Article 6 of the Constitution cover?

Supreme Law of the Land (supremacy clause) that says federal laws are superior

What does Article 7 of the Constitution cover?

How to ratify the Constitution

What does Article 5 of the Constitution cover?

How to amend the Constitution

What is the Constitution about?

The purpose of the government

What does the Preamble do?

Introduce the Constitution, explain what it’s meant to do, and describe the purpose of the new government

How old do you have to be to be a senator?

30 years okd

How long is a term for members of the Senate?

6 years

How old do you have to be to be in the House of Representatives?

25 years old

What fraction of vote does an amendment need from Congress to be proposed?

2/3

What fraction does an amendment need from state legislatures to ratify it?

3/4

What is the Virginia Plan?

Proposal that representation in government would be bicameral and consisting of population and money contributions

What is the New Jersey Plan?

Proposal that representation in government would be unicameral and consist of equal representation

What did the Connecticut Compromise result in?

Creation of bicameral legislature where representation was based on population and equal representation

What are expressed/enumerated powers?

Powers specifically given to Congress by the Constitution

What are exclusive/delegated powers?

Powers the Constitution gives to the federal government only

What are concurrent powers?

Constitutional shared powers

What are reserved powers?

Powers that the Constitution doesn’t give to the national government and are kept by states

What are implied powers?

Powers of Congress that are not specifically stated, but assumed

What is the necessary and proper clause?

Clause that says Congress is given the authority to create laws that are necessary and proper to running the country (aka elastic clause)

What is the commerce clause?

Clause that gives Congress the right to regulate trade between states and with other countries

What were Anti-Federalists?

Those who opposed the Constitution and feared tyranny

Who were Federalists?

Americans who favored the Constitution. (wrote the federalist papers)

How many sections is the power given to states divided into?

What is tyranny?

A concentration of power

Who was the leader of the Constitutional Convention?

George Washington

Which state did not attend the convention?

Rhode Island

List 4 reasons why the Articles of Confederation did not work:

No taxes, no president, no judicial system, needed all 13 states to make a change

Enumerated powers are powers given to the…

National government

Reserved powers are powers set aside for the

States

What are 4 powers granted to the national government?

Coin money, declare war, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, make peace

What clause says that when conflict arises between the national constitution state constitutions, the national constitutions always wins

Supremacy clause

How many states were needed to ratify the constitution?

9 out of 13

Who were Anti-Federalists?

John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and Patrick Henry

How many amendments are there today?

What are the powers reserved for the state governments called?

Police powers for the health, safety, and overall welfare

Who has the power to declare war?

Congress

Which two compromises attempted to keep southern delegates happy?

3/5 compromise and slave trade compromise

What is the 13th amendment?

Ban on slavery

What is the 14th amendment?

Defines citizenship & equal treatment under the law for all citizens

What is the 15th amendment?

Gave former slaves the right to vote

What is the 16th amendment?

Allows for income tax

What is the 17th amendment?

Direct election of senators

What is the 19th amendment?

Women’s suffrage

What is the 26th amendment?

18 year olds given the right to vote