Bile secretion

Question 1

How much Bile is produced by the liver?

Answer 1

600 - 1000 mL/day

Question 2

2 important functions of bile secretions

Answer 2

Fat digestion/absorption
Excretion of waste products

Question 3

What is included in the excretion of waste products?

Answer 3

• billirubin
• excess cholesterol

Question 4

Stage of bile secretion wherein hepatocytes are secreted to bile canaliculi

Answer 4

Initial portion

Question 5

Secretions in the initial portion contain:

Answer 5

bile acids
cholesterol
organic compounds

Question 6

The second portion of the stages of secretion

Answer 6

The stage wherein bile flows from canaliculi to terminal bile ducts to hepatic and common bile duct

Question 7

The bile flows into hepatic and common bile ducts from the second portion emptied into

Answer 7

duodenum and gallbladder

Question 8

The second portion of stages of secretion adds _________________.

Answer 8

Sodium
Bicarbonate

Question 9

max bile volume of gallbladder

Answer 9

30-60 mL

Question 10

why can 450 mL be stored in the gallbladder?

Answer 10

because water, sodium, chloride, and small electrolytes are constantly absorbed by the mucosa of gallbladder.

Question 11

Bile contains

Answer 11

bile salts
cholesterol
lecithin
bilirubin

Question 12

The most abundant substance of bile?

Answer 12

bile salts [half of solutes]

Question 13

The most potent stimulus for gallbladder contraction

Answer 13

CCK

Question 14

Mechanism of gallbladder emptying facilitated by CCK

Answer 14

rhythmic gallbladder contraction
simultaneous sphincter of Odi relaxation

Question 15

How long does the gallbladder empty when fat is present in food?

Answer 15

1 hour

Question 16

If fat is absent in food how does the gallbladder empty?

Answer 16

empties poorly

Question 17

How many bile salts does the liver make in a day?

Answer 17

6g

Question 18

Conversion of bile salts

Answer 18

Cholesterol –> cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid –> glyco or tauro- conjugated bile acids —> sodium salts are secreted in bile

Question 19

Functions of bile salts

Answer 19

emulsification
bile salt formation

Question 20

what will happen without bile salts?

Answer 20

40% of fats will be lost in feces, hence nutrient loss

Question 21

About ________ of bile salts are reabsorbed from small intestine

Answer 21

94%

Question 22

relation of bile salt and bile secretion

Answer 22

greater bile salt quantity, greater acid secretion

Question 23

Hormone that increases bile secretion via ductal epithelium

Answer 23

secretin

Question 24

secretin produces ____________ to join with bicarbonate from pancreas to neutralize duodenal acid

Answer 24

sodium bicarbonate-rich solution

Question 25

Result of cholesterol precipitation in gallbladder

Answer 25

Gallstone

Question 26

What happens when bile is concentrated which may predispose to precipitation in abnormal conditions

Answer 26

Bile concentration
-> bile salt, lecithin, cholesterol concentration

Gallbladder epithelium inflammation forming cholesterol crystals

Question 27

amount of cholesterol in bile is determined by ________.

Answer 27

• amount of fats eaten by individual
• product of fat metabolism

Question 28

6 Risk factors of gallstone

Answer 28

Obesity
High-fat diet
Age
Female
Diabetes Mellitus
genetics