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big science Flashcards

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1
Q

what as the 2009 science protest

A

protests of scientsits outside of the UK treasury about budget cuts set by Vinve Cable Buisiness Secretary;
‘science is bital’ argument

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2
Q

martin rees quote 2010 on defense of science

A

'’britain cannot afford to save on science’

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3
Q

briax cox defense in the sun about science

A

‘cutting science is like cutting spitfire in 1930’
science budget is less than 1 percent of UK government spending even though phyiscs industry contributes to 6 percent of national wealth
- need for international competition

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4
Q

what does the usa focus on with spending in science

A

mainly on defense and littl eon healthcare

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5
Q

UK spending from 2011-2001

A

around 700 billion in total of which 166 went to pensions and only 1 on science/reserach

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6
Q

what is big science

A

20th century rise in scale, scope adn comlexity of science

  • increase in spending, equipment, RD, military-industry
  • stimulation of ecnomy and employment
  • linkage of state and science
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7
Q

example of big science projects in the 20th century

A

hoover dam
empire state building
manhtatan project

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8
Q

capshew-rader science definition

A
  1. money
  2. manpower
  3. machines
  4. media
  5. military
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9
Q

definnition of science (bowler moros 2005)

A

an organised, human activitiy that since the 17th century, has resulte din the establishment of scientific instutionts

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10
Q

19th century science?

A

professionalizatinon occured

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11
Q

alving weinberg on big science

A

1961; monuuments visible in the 20th century such as rockets and reactors; motivations of church ad builders of these tools

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12
Q

who was david kaiser and what did he demonstrate

A

he stacked up all the scientific review journals to show the expoential growth of science since the 17th century

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13
Q

‘science o metrics’

A

derek de solla price in 1962;

demosntrated growth of SOURCES used in science and showed 90% of scientists EVER are alive today

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14
Q

price on big science

A

law of scientific growth; in the 60s 90% of the worlds cientsits are alive now which demonstrated the transtiion of little science to big science

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15
Q

what was the manhattan project (history)

A
  • post-pearl harbour attack; product of science, state and military collaboration (new relationship); organized manpower with patrioitic mission
  • set up 1942
  • construction of the atomic bomb
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16
Q

who led the manhattan project

A 
general leslie groves; military authoirty
and oppenheimer (Science supervisorr)
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17
Q

how much was spent on the manhtann project

A

2 billion dollars (at 1945 prices

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18
Q

test sites of manhattan project

A

new medico; los alamos

- fake towns for tests; spend LOTS of money

19
Q

philisophical meaning of atomic bomb

A

the power of scientific knowledge to enable destruction

20
Q

bombings of the manahtaan project result

A

hiroshima and nagasahki

21
Q

quote of reactions by manhattan project scientsits

A

‘it worked’-frank oppenheimer

-i am deathdestroyer of worlds; robert oppenheimer

22
Q

successes of the manhattan project

A
  1. media: ‘greatest acheivement of ORGANIZED science in HISTORY”; white house statement
  2. scientists; saw it as a military and personal achievement; whats the point of making it if it isnt used?
23
Q

failures of manhattan project

A
  1. massive death/destruction
  2. cold war; more fear
  3. failure of morality; symbol of power and accountability
  4. failure of open science; project not revealed untill after bombimb
24
Q

metaphor argument on Manhattan Project

A
  • could it have been a metaphorical threat? (not used on civvilians)
25
Q

scientists concerns about Big Science

A

concerns of overemphaising technology over pure science

too political entangled; want autonomy

weinberg; its runing science

26
Q

eisenhower on military-industry complex

A

during his exit speech; warns science-state military is too close with ‘wrong people in charge’
- dr strange love concerns

27
Q

cold war concerns

A

nuclear weapon fear

28
Q

world war one

A

1914-19; ‘the chemist war’; chemical warfare,
‘biologists war’; meidicne and physiology
‘physistics war’; rutherford lab on underwater SONAR and AERODNYMAICS
organization of science and industry and military

29
Q

sonar

A

tech during wwi
by rutherford manchestor lab
used in battlefield communications

30
Q

pre wwi discoveries

A 
xrays
radioactivity
electrons
atomic structure
isotopes
---> LATER discoveries used to build atomic weapons and energy
31
Q

fession and chain reaction

A

1939; uraninum bombarded with neutrons gives elements half its weight (Hahn and Strassman)

32
Q

what did leo szilard predict

A

that the chain reaction splitting reaction could result in a massive explosion

33
Q

implications of fisshion/chain

A

various labs in europe and usa research this;

pop culture icon in ‘world set free’;atomic bomb term is coined== RECOGNITIOn of nuclear

34
Q

national socialism in science in germany

A

1933; aryan physics; ‘deutsche physik movement’

- many german scientists leave (e.g. albert einstein and leo szilard); will end up working on manhattan project

35
Q

cern

A

european organization for nuclear reserach

  • included neils bohr
  • proudction of hardon collider
  • constructed in 1949-1952 as concerns about loss of european leadership; THROUGH COLLABORATION of nations/scientists to share the COSTS AND RESOURCES of science
  • project of PEACE in EU post war
36
Q

hubble space telescope

A

nasa and esa collaborate to improve astronomy

37
Q

ISS space station

A

international spcace station;
previously place for competition (US/russia)
justification fo scienceitif purpose
uk doesnt paritcipate as too expensive

38
Q

super conducting super collider

A

failed project by US as it was too expensive to build (10 billion project)
- scientific goals were rejected

39
Q

manhtann projectisis

A

coined by johan marburger; said physisitcs have a sense of entitlentment to ask government for lots of money

40
Q

21st centry science

A

end of physics; shift in power; age of biology

  • more accountability
  • mode 2
  • more awareness of application (cause spending)
41
Q

HGP

A

1990s
human genome project
us/europ efforts to sequence the human genome
collaboraiton of state, charity and private
-justified for health care and pharmacology

42
Q

BMP

A

brain mapping project; multiimiliion obama 2013/14 project for NEUTROtechnology

43
Q

issues of the BMp

A
  • scientists unclear about the goals/aims/achievements/expectations and are working too slowly

science policy (13 decks)

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