Benzene

Question 1

Burn with oxygen

Answer 1

Type of reaction: combustion
Products: CO2 and H2O, C/CO and H2O
Observation: none (complete), smoky flame (incomplete)

Question 2

With bromine (& chlorine)

Answer 2

Type of reaction: free radical addition
Condition: UV light
Change in functional group: benzene –> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 - hexabromocyclohexane

Question 3

With hydrogen

Answer 3

Type of reaction: free radical addition
Condition: UV light, heated with nickel catalyst
Change in functional group: benzene –> cyclohexane

Question 4

With concentrated nitric acid

Answer 4

Type of reaction: electrophilic substitution
Condition: concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst, 55°C, heat under reflux
Change in functional group: benzene –> nitrobenzene
Electrophile: NO2+

Question 5

With bromine/chlorine water

Answer 5

Type of reaction: electrophilic substitution, bromination/chlorination
Condition: AlBr3 or FeBr3 catalyst (bromine) / AlCl3 or FeCl3 catalyst (chlorine), anhydrous, heat under reflux
Change in functional group: benzene –> bromobenzene/chlorobenzene
Electrophile: Br+/Cl+

Question 6

With halogenoalkane

Answer 6

Type of reaction: Friedel-Crafts Reaction Alkylation, electrophilic substitution
Condition: AlBr3 or FeBr3 catalyst (bromine) / AlCl3 or FeCl3 catalyst (chlorine), anhydrous, heat under reflux
Change in functional group: benzene –> alkylbenzene
Electrophile: CH3CH2+

Question 7

With acyl chloride

Answer 7

Type of reaction: Friedel-Crafts Reaction Acylation, electrophilic substitution
Condition: AlCl3 or FeCl3 catalyst, anhydrous, heat under reflux
Change in functional group: benzene –> phenyl ketone
Electrophile: +COCH3