Amines

Question 1

Preparation of Amines

Answer 1

1. Halogenoalkane & concentrated ethanolic ammonia
2. Reduction of nitrile or amide
3. Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds

Question 2

Halogenoalkane & concentrated ethanolic ammonia

Answer 2

Type of reaction: nucleophilic substitution
Reagents: halogenoalkane & concentrated ethanolic ammonia
Conditions: leave for a long time or heat in a sealed tube
Change in functional group: halogenoalkane –> primary/secondary amine

Question 3

Reduction of nitrile or amide

Answer 3

Type of reaction: reduction
Reagents: LiAlH4
Conditions: in dry ether
Change in functional group: nitrile/amide –> amine

Question 4

Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds

Answer 4

Type of reaction: reduction
Reagents: Step 1: Tin, conc. HCl / Step 2: NaOH
Conditions: heat under reflux
Change in functional group: aromatic nitro compounds –> aromatic amine

Question 5

With water

Answer 5

Type of reaction: x
Conditions: x
Product: alkaline solution

CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 + H2O ⇌ CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3+ + OH-

Question 6

With acids

Answer 6

Type of reaction: acid-base reaction
Conditions: x
Product: salt

CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 + HCl ⇌ CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3Cl

Question 7

With ethanoyl chloride

Answer 7

Type of reaction: addition-elimination
Conditions: mix at room temperature
Product: substituted amide (N-ethylbutanamide)

CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 + CH3COCl –> CH3CONH(CH2)3CH3 + HCl

Question 8

With halogenoalkanes

Answer 8

Type of reaction: x
Conditions: heat in an ethanolic solution in a sealed tube
Product: secondary and tertiary amine

CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 + CH3CH2Cl –> secondary amine + CH3CH2Cl –> tertiary amine

Question 9

With copper (II) ions

Answer 9

Type of reaction: ligand exchange reaction
Conditions: x
Observation: blue solution —> deep blue solution
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + amine –> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2] + 4H2O