Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Natural History

Question 1

Sex accessory tissues include the :(4)

They are believed to play a major, but unknown, role in the reproductive process

Answer 1

Sex accessory tissues include the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, ampullae, and bulbourethral glands. They are believed to play a major, but unknown, role in the reproductive process

Question 2

The wolffian ducts develop into the seminal vesicles, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla, and ejaculatory duct; the developmental growth of this group of glands is stimulated by: ___

Answer 2

fetal testosterone

Question 3

The prostate first appears and starts its development from the urogenital sinus during the __month of fetal growth, and development is directed primarily by __

Answer 3

third

DHT

Question 4

for prostate development to proceed, __ receptor is required to be functional in the mesenchyme.

Answer 4

ANDROGEN

Question 5

α1A. Research work has demonstrated three subtypes of the α1 -adrenergic receptor (α1A, α1B, and α1D), of which the α1A receptor appears to be linked to ___

Answer 5

α1A is linked to contraction .

Question 6

Testosterone is synthesized in the Leydig cells of the testes from ___ by a series of __ reactions; however, once testosterone is reduced by __into DHT or to estrogens by aromatase, the process is irreversible.

Answer 6

PREGNENOLONE

REVERSIBLE

5a-reductase

Question 7

Less than __ of the total testosterone in the plasma is derived from DHEA.

Answer 7

1%

Question 8

The majority of testosterone bound to plasma protein is associated with __.

Answer 8

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).

Question 9

___ ISOFORM is mutated in 5α-reductase deficiency and is the dominant isoform present in the prostate gland.

Answer 9

TYPE 2 ISOFORM

Question 10

The source of fructose in human seminal plasma is the ___

Answer 10

SEMINAL VESICLES

Question 11

The __ the length, the more actively the androgen receptor is thought to function.

Answer 11

SHORTER the POLY CAG repeats

Question 12

2. There are two major cellular components in the prostate:

Answer 12

epithelial and stromal.

Question 13

6. Because of the diurnal variation of serum testosterone, to avoid inconsistency it should be ___

Answer 13

measured in the morning.

Question 14

the plasma half-life of testosterone is

Answer 14

10 to 20 minutes,

Question 15

11. The source of prostaglandins, fructose, and semenogelin, and contribution of most volume to seminal fluid is the ___

Answer 15

SEMINAL VESICLES

Question 16

he source of citrate, zinc, spermine, and choline is:

Answer 16

the prostate

Question 17

__ is a serine protease and degrades semenogelin.

Semenogelin gives rise to the __ of semen.

Answer 17

PSA

COAGULATION

Question 18

6. Increases in human kallikrein 2, pro-PSA, and bound PSA are associated with __ cancer.

Answer 18

prostate ca

Question 19

{___ produced in the prostate may be elevated in prostate cancer; it is also produced in the bone and may be elevated in diseases that affect the bone such as Paget disease, osteoporosis, and bone metastases.

Answer 19

Acid phosphatase

Question 20

The ____ develop into the seminal vesicles, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla, and ejaculatory duct; the developmental growth of this group of glands is stimulated by fetal testosterone and not DHT.

Answer 20

WOLFFIAN DUCTS