Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

What did behaviourist reject?

Answer 1

Introspection because it was too vague

Question 2

What was the behaviourist 1st assumption?

Answer 2

Research should be scientific

Question 3

Points on the research should be scientific:

Answer 3

• Focus on observable behaviour

- best method for scientific approach is a lab

Question 4

What is the behaviourist 2nd assumption?

Answer 4

all behaviour is learned

Question 5

Points on all behaviour is learned

Answer 5

• All behaviour (normal and abnormal) is learned

- basic process of learning is called conditioning

Question 6

What are the types of conditioning?

Answer 6

Classical

Operant

Question 7

Classical conditioning is also known as…

Answer 7

Associative learning

Question 8

Operant conditioning is also known as…

Answer 8

Instrumental learning

Question 9

Classical conditioning response

Answer 9

Involuntary

Question 10

Operant conditioning response

Answer 10

Voluntary

Question 11

Who first demonstrated classical conditioning?

Answer 11

Ivan Pavlov

Question 12

What was Ivan Pavlov aim in his experiment?

Answer 12

Look at whether dogs could be conditioned

Question 13

What was Pavlov’s experiment method?

Answer 13

Food was presented same time as a bell was rung

Question 14

What was Pavlov’s findings?

Answer 14

Before:
Food(UCS) salivation(UCR)
Bell(NS) no response

During:
Food+Bell(UCS) salivation(UCR)

After:
Bell(CS) salivation(CR)

Question 15

What did Skinner argue?

Answer 15

That learning is an active+voluntary process

Behaviour is shaped by our consequences

Question 16

What was skinners aim for his experiment?

Answer 16

To show that learning is an active process whereby humans and animals operate on their environment

Question 17

Describe skinners method

Answer 17

• skinner used rats
• every time a rat activated a lever, it would be rewarded with a food pellet (positive reinforcement)
• the rat knew to activate the lever for food (repeating the behaviour)
• skinner also conditioned rats to operate the same behaviour but to avoid unpleasant stimulus (negative reinforcement)

Question 18

What was skinners findings?

Answer 18

Positive and negative reinforcements increased likelihood of behaviour being repeated