Behaviourist Approach Flashcards
What did behaviourist reject?
Introspection because it was too vague
What was the behaviourist 1st assumption?
Research should be scientific
Points on the research should be scientific:
- Focus on observable behaviour
- best method for scientific approach is a lab
What is the behaviourist 2nd assumption?
all behaviour is learned
Points on all behaviour is learned
- All behaviour (normal and abnormal) is learned
- basic process of learning is called conditioning
What are the types of conditioning?
Classical
Operant
Classical conditioning is also known as…
Associative learning
Operant conditioning is also known as…
Instrumental learning
Classical conditioning response
Involuntary
Operant conditioning response
Voluntary
Who first demonstrated classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What was Ivan Pavlov aim in his experiment?
Look at whether dogs could be conditioned
What was Pavlov’s experiment method?
Food was presented same time as a bell was rung
What was Pavlov’s findings?
Before:
Food(UCS) salivation(UCR)
Bell(NS) no response
During:
Food+Bell(UCS) salivation(UCR)
After:
Bell(CS) salivation(CR)
What did Skinner argue?
That learning is an active+voluntary process
Behaviour is shaped by our consequences
What was skinners aim for his experiment?
To show that learning is an active process whereby humans and animals operate on their environment
Describe skinners method
- skinner used rats
- every time a rat activated a lever, it would be rewarded with a food pellet (positive reinforcement)
- the rat knew to activate the lever for food (repeating the behaviour)
- skinner also conditioned rats to operate the same behaviour but to avoid unpleasant stimulus (negative reinforcement)
What was skinners findings?
Positive and negative reinforcements increased likelihood of behaviour being repeated
