Behavioural Explanations Of Depression - Lewinsohn Flashcards

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0
Q

What would be a classical conditioning explanation of depression?

A

It would suggest that we make associations between events or circumstances and mood change, and this leads to learned behaviour which is then diagnosed as depression

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1
Q

What is the behavioural explanation for depression?

A

The behaviours shown by individuals suffering from depression are learnt through either conditioning or imitation

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2
Q

How would operant conditioning explain depression?

A

It would suggest that a lack of positive reinforcement is directly linked with depression

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3
Q

Who argues that depression occurs as a consequence of learned helplessness?

A

Seligman

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4
Q

What was the aim of Lewinsohn’s study?

A

To compare the amount of ‘positive reinforcement’ received by depressed and non-depressed participants

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5
Q

What was the duration of Lewinsohn’s study?

A

It was a longitudinal study over 30 days

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6
Q

What did participants have to complete during the study?

A

A self-report of pleasant activities on the pleasant events schedule and a self-rating of depression using the depression adjective checklist

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7
Q

How was positive reinforcement operationalised?

A

It was operationalised as taking part in pleasant activities

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8
Q

Describe the sample of Lewinsohn’s study

A

30 participants who were diagnosed with depression, a disorder other than depression and a ‘normal’ control group was used

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9
Q

What was the design?

A

Independent measures

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10
Q

What experimental method did Lewinsohn’s study use?

A

A quasi experiment

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11
Q

What were participants asked to do on a daily basis?

A

Check their mood using the depression adjective checklist which included emotions such as happy and active, and the participants ticked the ones they felt best represented their mood on that day

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12
Q

How many activities did the pleasant activities scale consist of that participants were asked to complete?

A

320

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13
Q

How were the activities in the pleasant activities checklist rated?

A

They were rated twice on a scale of 3, once for pleasantness and once for frequency

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14
Q

What was there a significant positive correlation between?

A

Mood ratings and pleasant activities

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15
Q

What was concluded from Lewinsohn’s study?

A

That there is a link between reinforcement from pleasant activities and mood, but further research is needed to identify the individual characteristics that make some people more influenced by pleasant activities than others