Behavioral Theories

Question 1

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 1

1) Food & Shelter
2) Safety
3) To belong
4) Ego status
5) Self-actualization

Question 2

Examples of safety

Answer 2

security, protection, and avoidance of harm and risk

Question 3

Example of belonging

Answer 3

Membership and acceptance by a group and its members

Question 4

Example of ego status

Answer 4

Achieving some special recognition

Question 5

Example of self-actualization

Answer 5

Being given assignments which are challenging and meaningful

Question 6

The hygiene factors in Herzberg's "Motivational-Hygiene Theory" consist of:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Answer 6

1) Salary
2) Fringe benefits
3) Security (Civil Service)
4) Rules and regulations
5) Supervision

Question 7

The motivators in Herzberg's "Motivational-Hygiene Theory" consist of:
1)
2)
3)
4)

Answer 7

1) Challenging assignments
2) Increased responsibility
3) Recognition for work
4) Individual growth

Question 8

Herzberg believed that hygiene factors do not produce growth or increase work output, but they do ___________

Answer 8

prevent losses in performance

Question 9

Herzberg felt that motivators resulted in:

Answer 9

increased job satisfaction and increased total output capacity

Question 10

The hygiene factors in Herzberg’s “Motivational-Hygiene Theory” is also known as

Answer 10

the “Work Motivation Theory”

Question 11

Who developed “Theory X”?

Answer 11

Douglas McGregor

Question 12

According to Theory X, it is management’s rule to organize resources in a structure which requires ______________ of employees and brings about ___________.

Answer 12

close supervision of employees, maximum control

Question 13

According to Theory X, it is management’s responsibility to _____________ of the personnel of the agency, to keep them __________, to control ____________, and to ___________________ to fit the needs of the organization.

Answer 13

direct the efforts,
keep them motivated,
to control all their actions,
modify their behavior

Question 14

According to Theory X, if management does not take an active part in controlling the behavior of the employees:

Answer 14

They will be passive to the needs of the organization.

Question 15

According to Theory X, the average employee is by nature:

Answer 15

Lazy, and will work as little as possible

Question 16

According to Theory X, the average employee lacks _____, dislikes ______ and ______, and prefers ____________.

Answer 16

Lacks ambition,
Dislikes responsibility and authority,
Prefers taking orders to being independent

Question 17

According to Theory X, the employee is basically _________, has no feeling for ______, and must be ________.

Answer 17

is basically self-centered,
has no feeling for the organizational needs,
must be closely controlled

Question 18

According to Theory X, by nature, the average employee resists ________

Answer 18

change.

Question 19

According to Theory X, the average employee does not have the ability to:

Answer 19

solve problems creatively

Question 20

According to McGregor’s Theory Y, it is management’s role to organize ______ to reach ____________________.

Answer 20

organize resources to reach organizational goals

Question 21

According to McGregor’s Theory Y, work can be an enjoyable part of one’s life if:

Answer 21

the conditions are favorable

Question 22

According to McGregor’s Theory Y, people are not by nature lazy, passive or resistant to the needs of the organization, but have become so as a result of:

Answer 22

their experience working within the organization

Question 23

According to McGregor’s Theory Y, management does not place the potential for development with __________. It is management’s responsiblity to __________

Answer 23

with the employee.

recognize each employee’s potential and allow freedom to develop their abilities.

Question 24

According to McGregor’s Theory Y, people possess creativity and can ______________ if ____________.

Answer 24

can solve organization problems if

encouraged by management.

Question 25

According to McGregor’s Theory Y, the essential task of management is to develop ___________________ so the individual can ____________ by ____________.

Answer 25

Develop organizational conditions and oeprational procedures so
can attain his/her goals by directing efforts
Towards organizational goals and objectives

Question 26

Theory stating seven personality changes should occur if the employee is to develop into a mature person and an asset to the organization

Answer 26

Chris Argyris’ Immaturity/Maturity Theory

Question 27

Immaturity/Maturity Theory

From passive to:

Answer 27

active

Question 28

Immaturity/Maturity Theory

From dependence to:

Answer 28

independence

Question 29

Immaturity/Maturity Theory

From restricted behavior patterns to:

Answer 29

diversified behavior

Question 30

Immaturity/Maturity Theory

From short time perspective to:

Answer 30

long time perspective

Question 31

Immaturity/Maturity Theory

From subordinate position to:

Answer 31

an equal or superior position

Question 32

Immaturity/Maturity Theory

From lack of self-awareness to:

Answer 32

awareness and control over self

Question 33

Management theory dating back to the Industrial Revolution of the 1750’s

Answer 33

Autocratic Theory

Question 34

The autocratic theory states the manager’s position is:

Answer 34

one of formal and official authority

Question 35

The autocratic theory states management has _____________________ the employee

Answer 35

complete control over

Question 36

The autocratic theory gets results up to a point, but:

Answer 36

does nothing to develop the potential of the employee

Question 37

The Custodial Theory’s aim is to:

Answer 37

make the employee happy and contended through the wealth of the company, which provides economic benefits to the employee

Question 38

The Custodial Theory does not adequately:

Answer 38

motivate the employee

Question 39

With the Custodial Theory, employees look in other areas other than the job to:

Answer 39

secure fulfillment or challenge

Question 40

The prime element of the Supportive Theory is:

Answer 40

leadership which thinks in terms of “we” rather than “they”

Question 41

In the Supportive Theory, little supervision is required as employees will take on added responsibility with the knowledge that:

Answer 41

support is available from the supervisory level of management.

Question 42

Manifest Needs Theory proposes needs have 2 components:
1)
2)

Answer 42

1) Direction

2) Intensity

Question 43

Manifest Needs Theory identifies ___________ needs.

Answer 43

20+

Question 44

Manifest Needs Theory argues most needs are:

Answer 44

learned and activated by environmental cues

Question 45

Manifest Needs Theory states that multiple needs:

Answer 45

motivate behavior simultaneously.

Question 46

Learned Needs Theory - 3 needs that are important sources of motivation
1)
2)
3)

Answer 46

1) Need for achievement (NACH)
2) Need for affiliation (NAFF)
3) Need for power (NPOW)

Question 47

Expectancy Theory proposes employees will be motivated to exert high levels of effort when they believe:

Answer 47

the effort will lead to good performance appraisal

Question 48

Expectancy Theory proposes that a good appraisal will lead to:

Answer 48

organization rewards

Question 49

Expectancy Theory proposes that rewards will:

Answer 49

satisfy personal goals.