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Business Principles & Practices > Basic of Human Behavior - Personality Traits > Flashcards

Basic of Human Behavior - Personality Traits Flashcards

1
Q

The degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate

A

Locus of Control

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2
Q

Control their own destinies

A

Internals

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3
Q

See their lives as being controlled by outside forces

A

Externals

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4
Q

The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means

A

Machiavellianism

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5
Q

The degree to which an individual likes or dislikes themselves

A

Self-esteem

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6
Q

A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational forces

A

Self-monitoring

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7
Q

A propensity to assume or avoid risk has been shown to have an impact on decision making and information gathering within certain time frames

A

Risk taking

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8
Q

Aggressive involvement in a chronic, incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time and, if necessary, against the opposing efforts of other things or people

A

Type A personality

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9
Q

Rarely harried by the desire to obtain a wildly increasing number of things or participate in an endless growing series of events in an ever decreasing amount of time

A

Type B Personality

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10
Q

Identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover

A

Personality-Job Fit Model

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11
Q

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers physical activities requiring skill

A

Realistic

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12
Q

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers activities involving thinking and organizing

A

Investigative

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13
Q

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers activities that help and develop others

A

Social

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14
Q

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers rules and orderly activities

A

Conventional

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15
Q

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers opportunities to influence and gain power

A

Enterprising

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16
Q

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers activities that allow creative expression

A

Artistic

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17
Q

When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused.

A

Attribution Theory

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18
Q

(Attribution Theory) Everyone reacts differently

A

Distinctiveness

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19
Q

(Attribution Theory) Everyone reacts the same way

A

Consensus

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20
Q

(Attribution Theory) Person responds the same way over time

A

Consistency

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21
Q

An individual’s general attitude toward his or her job

A

Job satisfaction

22
Q

The degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his or her job and considers his or her perceived performance level to be important to self-worth

A

Job Involvement

23
Q

The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization

A

Organization Commitment

24
Q

A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment

A

Operant Conditioning

25
Q 
Four Methods of Shaping Behavior
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Positive Reinforcement
2) Negative Reinforcement
3) Punishment
4) Extinction

26
Q

Follows a response with something pleasant

A

positive reinforcement

27
Q

Follows a response by terminating or withdrawing something unpleasant

A

negative reinforcement

28
Q

Causing an unpleasant condition in an attempt to eliminate an undesirable behavior

A

Punishment

29
Q

Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining a behavior

A

Extinction

30
Q

Schedules of Reinforcement
1)
2)

A

1) Continuous Reinforcement

2) Intermittent Reinforcement

31
Q

A desired behavior is reinforced each and every time it is demonstrated

A

Continuous Reinforcement

32
Q

A desired behavior is reinforced often enough to make the behavior worth repeating, but not every time it is demonstrated

A

Intermittent Reinforcement

33
Q 
Learning Styles - a recurring process that cycles through the following four stages:
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Concrete Experience
2) Reflective Observation
3) Abstract Conceptualization
4) Active Experience

34
Q

Learn by new experiences

A

Concrete Experience

35
Q

Passively observe and then reflect

A

Reflective Observation

36
Q

Develop workable theories

A

Abstract Conceptualization

37
Q

Learn by doing

A

Active Experience

38
Q

Criteria of Performance Appraisal:
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Individual task outcomes
2) Behaviors
3) Traits

39
Q

(Criteria of performance appraisal) Quantity of work

A

individual task outcomes

40
Q

(Criteria of performance appraisal) outcomes directly attributable to employee’s actions

A

Behaviors

41
Q

(Criteria of performance appraisal) weakest set of criteria because they are furthest removed from actual performance of the job

A

Traits

42
Q 
Methods of performance appraisal
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Written essays
2) Critical incidents
3) Graphic rating scale
4) Multi-person comparison

43
Q

Defines the jobs within the organization and the behaviors that are necessary to perform those jobs

A

Job Analysis

44
Q

Identifies five core job dimensions and their relationship to personal and work outcomes

A

Job Characteristics Model (JCM)

45
Q 
5 core job dimensions of Job Characteristics Model (JCM)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
A

1) Skill Variety
2) Task Identity
3) Task significance
4) Autonomy
5) Feedback

46
Q

(JCM) Jobs vary and require different skills and talents

A

Skill Variety

47
Q

(JCM)Degree to which the job requires competition of a whole and identifiable piece of work

A

Task Identity

48
Q

(JCM) Degree to which a job has substantial impact on the work of others

A

Task Significance

49
Q

(JCM) Job provides freedom to determine procedures to be used in carrying it out

A

Autonomy

50
Q

(JCM) Work activities result in information about the effectiveness of performance

A

Feedback

51
Q

Written statement of what a job holder does, how it is done, and why it is done

A

Job Description

52
Q

States the minimum acceptable qualifications an incumbent must possess to perform a given job successfully

A

Job Specification

Business Principles & Practices (9 decks)

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