Basic of Human Behavior - Personality Traits

Question 1

The degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate

Answer 1

Locus of Control

Question 2

Control their own destinies

Answer 2

Internals

Question 3

See their lives as being controlled by outside forces

Answer 3

Externals

Question 4

The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means

Answer 4

Machiavellianism

Question 5

The degree to which an individual likes or dislikes themselves

Answer 5

Self-esteem

Question 6

A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational forces

Answer 6

Self-monitoring

Question 7

A propensity to assume or avoid risk has been shown to have an impact on decision making and information gathering within certain time frames

Answer 7

Risk taking

Question 8

Aggressive involvement in a chronic, incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time and, if necessary, against the opposing efforts of other things or people

Answer 8

Type A personality

Question 9

Rarely harried by the desire to obtain a wildly increasing number of things or participate in an endless growing series of events in an ever decreasing amount of time

Answer 9

Type B Personality

Question 10

Identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover

Answer 10

Personality-Job Fit Model

Question 11

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers physical activities requiring skill

Answer 11

Realistic

Question 12

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers activities involving thinking and organizing

Answer 12

Investigative

Question 13

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers activities that help and develop others

Answer 13

Social

Question 14

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers rules and orderly activities

Answer 14

Conventional

Question 15

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers opportunities to influence and gain power

Answer 15

Enterprising

Question 16

(Personality Job-Fit Model) Prefers activities that allow creative expression

Answer 16

Artistic

Question 17

When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused.

Answer 17

Attribution Theory

Question 18

(Attribution Theory) Everyone reacts differently

Answer 18

Distinctiveness

Question 19

(Attribution Theory) Everyone reacts the same way

Answer 19

Consensus

Question 20

(Attribution Theory) Person responds the same way over time

Answer 20

Consistency

Question 21

An individual’s general attitude toward his or her job

Answer 21

Job satisfaction

Question 22

The degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his or her job and considers his or her perceived performance level to be important to self-worth

Answer 22

Job Involvement

Question 23

The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization

Answer 23

Organization Commitment

Question 24

A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment

Answer 24

Operant Conditioning

Question 25

``` Four Methods of Shaping Behavior 1) 2) 3) 4) ```

Answer 25

1) Positive Reinforcement 2) Negative Reinforcement 3) Punishment 4) Extinction

Question 26

Follows a response with something pleasant

Answer 26

positive reinforcement

Question 27

Follows a response by terminating or withdrawing something unpleasant

Answer 27

negative reinforcement

Question 28

Causing an unpleasant condition in an attempt to eliminate an undesirable behavior

Answer 28

Punishment

Question 29

Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining a behavior

Answer 29

Extinction

Question 30

Schedules of Reinforcement 1) 2)

Answer 30

1) Continuous Reinforcement | 2) Intermittent Reinforcement

Question 31

A desired behavior is reinforced each and every time it is demonstrated

Answer 31

Continuous Reinforcement

Question 32

A desired behavior is reinforced often enough to make the behavior worth repeating, but not every time it is demonstrated

Answer 32

Intermittent Reinforcement

Question 33

``` Learning Styles - a recurring process that cycles through the following four stages: 1) 2) 3) 4) ```

Answer 33

1) Concrete Experience 2) Reflective Observation 3) Abstract Conceptualization 4) Active Experience

Question 34

Learn by new experiences

Answer 34

Concrete Experience

Question 35

Passively observe and then reflect

Answer 35

Reflective Observation

Question 36

Develop workable theories

Answer 36

Abstract Conceptualization

Question 37

Learn by doing

Answer 37

Active Experience

Question 38

Criteria of Performance Appraisal: 1) 2) 3)

Answer 38

1) Individual task outcomes 2) Behaviors 3) Traits

Question 39

(Criteria of performance appraisal) Quantity of work

Answer 39

individual task outcomes

Question 40

(Criteria of performance appraisal) outcomes directly attributable to employee's actions

Answer 40

Behaviors

Question 41

(Criteria of performance appraisal) weakest set of criteria because they are furthest removed from actual performance of the job

Answer 41

Traits

Question 42

``` Methods of performance appraisal 1) 2) 3) 4) ```

Answer 42

1) Written essays 2) Critical incidents 3) Graphic rating scale 4) Multi-person comparison

Question 43

Defines the jobs within the organization and the behaviors that are necessary to perform those jobs

Answer 43

Job Analysis

Question 44

Identifies five core job dimensions and their relationship to personal and work outcomes

Answer 44

Job Characteristics Model (JCM)

Question 45

``` 5 core job dimensions of Job Characteristics Model (JCM) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) ```

Answer 45

1) Skill Variety 2) Task Identity 3) Task significance 4) Autonomy 5) Feedback

Question 46

(JCM) Jobs vary and require different skills and talents

Answer 46

Skill Variety

Question 47

(JCM)Degree to which the job requires competition of a whole and identifiable piece of work

Answer 47

Task Identity

Question 48

(JCM) Degree to which a job has substantial impact on the work of others

Answer 48

Task Significance

Question 49

(JCM) Job provides freedom to determine procedures to be used in carrying it out

Answer 49

Autonomy

Question 50

(JCM) Work activities result in information about the effectiveness of performance

Answer 50

Feedback

Question 51

Written statement of what a job holder does, how it is done, and why it is done

Answer 51

Job Description

Question 52

States the minimum acceptable qualifications an incumbent must possess to perform a given job successfully

Answer 52

Job Specification