Beef production Flashcards

1
Q

How many beef cattle in US?

A

95 million
34.4 million harvested in 1 year

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2
Q

Black angus

A

english
all around good meat cattle
also come in red

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3
Q

herefords

A

english
red/white
easily maintained

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4
Q

belted galloway

A

english
oreo cookie
brown outside, white in middle

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5
Q

charolais

A

continental
have horns
white

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6
Q

simmental

A

continental
various colors
very muscular

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7
Q

limousin

A

red or black
continental

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8
Q

brahma

A

indian
large hump, pendulous sheath
heat tolerant (thinner skinned)
various colors

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9
Q

Beef cattle production order

A
  1. cow/calf: breed cows, raise calves, product is weaned calf, smaller operators/producers, forage based feed
  2. grower: grow cows, prepare for feed lot
  3. feedlot
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10
Q

reproduction of beef cattle

A

mostly natural service
few artificial insemination

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11
Q

bulls for breeding

A

typically purchased at 1-2 years of age
1 bull for 30 cows
typically purebred

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12
Q

breeding season

A

goal: cow calves on same day every year
bulls turned out 80 days after calving (80+ 285 gestation= 365)
typical breeding season is 60 days (cows cycle every 21 days, 3 chances to get pregant, calves are relatively same size)

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13
Q

open cows

A

economic loss
culled
15% every year

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14
Q

birth weight

A

~80 pounds

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15
Q

bull calves

A

usually castrated (steer)
more fat in muscle (marbling)

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16
Q

weaning

A

5-10 months old (usually 5-6 months)
depends on marketing, weather, give cow dry period before next parturition

17
Q

replacement heifers

A

replacement rate of 15%
Goal for heifers to calve at 2 years
substantial growth from weaning to breeding

18
Q

backgrounders

A

growers
teach cows to eat out of bunk, give vaccines
in dry lot or barns
own animals for 1-3 months
feed silage

19
Q

stockers

A

growers
large high quality pastures
cows out on pasture
keep animal for grazing season as they grow

20
Q

weaners

A

growers
contract with feedlot and teach cows to eat out of bunk then send to feedlot

21
Q

feedlots

A

CAFOs: concentrated animal feeding operations
very large, specialzed (1,000- 100,000)
goal is to gain weight (fat), mainly fed concentrates/grains
gain 2.5-4lbs per day
there for 3-6 months
slaughters around ~1350 lbs (16-20 months old)