BB LRGPHOR Ch2 - Anesthesia & Analgesia

Question 1

2. Which of these statements are true regarding pre-anesthetic fasting in rodents?
   a. Pre-anesthetic fasting is necessary and it should be minimum 12 hours.
   b. Pre-anesthetic fasting is generally unnecessary unless the experimental procedure requires it.
   c. Pre-anesthetic fasting is necessary and it should be more than 6 hours in small rodents.
   d. Water should not be withheld prior to anesthesia.

Answer 1

b & d are true

Question 2

4. Which of these is not one of the main effects of the administration of anticholinergic agents such atropine and glycopyrrolate?
   a. Mydriasis.
   b. Bradycardia.
   c. Decreased intestinal motility.
   d. Decreased urinary bladder and urethral tone.

Answer 2

b

Question 3

5. The route of elimination for atropine is via ester hydrolyzing enzymes, hepatic metabolism and urinary excretion. What species has higher levels of circulating esterase enzymes in their plasma resulting in a reduced duration of action of atropine, requiring more frequent dosing?

Answer 3

rabbits

Question 4

What type of receptors can block phenothiazine tranquilizers?

Answer 4

dopamine-1 receptors.
dopamine-2 receptors.
histamine receptors.
cholinergic muscarinic receptors.

Question 5

7. True or False: Phenothiazines posses analgesic and muscle-relaxant properties.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

9. What of these benzodiazepines can be mixed with other anesthetic agents such as ketamine due to its water-solubility?
   a. Diazepam
   b. Midazolam.

Answer 6

b

Question 7

12. True or False: Alpha 2-agonists provide muscle relaxation and analgesia.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

13. Which of the following drugs has more selectivity to alpha-2 receptors than alpha-1 receptors?
    a. Clonidine.
    b. Detomidine.
    c. Xylazine.
    d. Medetomidine.

Answer 8

d

Question 9

14. There is risk of bradycardia when administered alpha2-agonists with opioids. Is it recommended the administration of anticholinergic agents to reduce it?

Answer 9

No, can cause dysrhythmias

Question 10

20. True or False: Buprenorphine is classified as a full agonist.

Answer 10

F. Is classified as a agonist-antagonist or partial agonist, with partial agonist actions to the mu receptors and antagonist actions at the kappa and delta receptors.

Question 11

21. What of these is not a full agonist.
    a. Butorphanol.
    b. Hydromorphone.
    c. Fentanyl.

Answer 11

butorphanol

Question 12

22. Side effects of buprenorphine in rabbits and rodents include ileus, pica and loss of appetite.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

23 True or False: Morphine can be used as epidural agent.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

24. Which of these non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are non-selective COX inhibitors.
    a. Ketoprofen.
    b. Carprofen.
    c. Meloxicam.

Answer 14

ketoprofen

Question 15

26. Why self-mutilation can occur with intramuscular injection of ketamine?

Answer 15

Due to its low pH, that causes pain and irritation.

Question 16

27. True or False: Propofol has a low clearance rate.

Answer 16

F. Has a high clearance rate.

Question 17

28. True or False: Pentobarbital only has sedative-hypnotic and anesthetic properties.

Answer 17

F, has can be utilized as anticonvulsant.

Question 18

29. True or False: Inhalation anesthetics have low blood/gas solubility in blood and body tissues.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

30. Which of these isn’t an advantage of the use of induction chambers?
    a. Low-cost equipment.
    b. Minimal resistance to breathing.
    c. High flow rates.

Answer 19

c

Question 20

31. What is the different between breathing circuits and non-reabreathing systems?

Answer 20

The purpose of breathing circuits is to provide the patient with oxygen and inhalant while simultaneously removing carbon dioxide. Rebreathing systems are used for larger animals (>7 kg). Non-rebreathing systems are the most commonly used systems in biomedical research for small rodents and animals. This type of system relies on a relatively high, fresh gas flow rate to remove carbon dioxide, and the amount of rebreathing that occurs is largely dependent upon this flow rate.

Question 21

32. True or False: an arterial carbon dioxide value below 35 mmHg may indicate hypoventilation.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

33. What is the most accurate reflex to evaluate depth of anesthetic in rabbits?

Answer 22

Pinna reflex.